Interplay between programmed death-ligand 1 and non-coding RNAs

Abstract

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein with essential roles in the suppression of adaptive immune responses. As an immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1 can be exploited by cancer cells to evade the anti-tumor attacks initiated by the immune system. Thus, blockade of the PD1/PD-L1 axis can eliminate the suppressive signals and release the antitumor immune responses. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of modulation of the activity of the PD1/PD-L1 axis would facilitate the design of more efficacious therapeutic options and better assignment of patients for each option. Recent studies have confirmed the interactions between miRNAs/lncRNAs/circ-RNAs and the PD1/PD-L1 axis. In the current review, we give a summary of interactions between these transcripts and PD-L1 in the context of cancer. We also overview the consequences of these interactions in the determination of the response of patients to anti-cancer drugs.

Pan-cancer analysis of super-enhancer-induced LINC00862 and validation as a SIRT1-promoting factor in cervical cancer and gastric cancer

“…SIRT1 is a potential new target for gastric cancer [ 50 , 51 ]. Several non-coding RNAs interacting with SIRT1 have been identified [ 52 ]. For example, lncRNA HOXC-AS1 promoted esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by stabilizing SIRT1 mRNA [ 53 ].…”

Involvement of lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: a new property of tumor immunity

“…More recently, PD-L1 regulation by lncRNAs has been reported ( Table 1 , Figure 1 ). Notably, most of these lncRNAs, including LINC00473 , FGD5 - AS1 , and MALAT1 , regulate PD-L1 expression primarily via sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) 7 , 8 . LncRNAs localize to the nucleus, cytoplasm, or exosomes, and thus are able to regulate gene expression in many different ways.…”

“…LncRNAs localize to the nucleus, cytoplasm, or exosomes, and thus are able to regulate gene expression in many different ways. For example, NKX2-1-AS1 , ZFPM2 - AS1 , and lncMX1 - 215 regulate tumor immunity by mediating PD-L1 expression binding to different partners 7 , 8 . Different lncRNAs have been shown to regulate PD-L1 expression at different levels 3 ; however, most of these studies have focused on miRNA sponging function of lncRNAs.…”

Delving into the Role of lncRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Upregulation of LINC00887 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Growth and Invasion

“…Due to their aberrant expression in cancers, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for tumor immunotherapy since they modulate the immune system and increase resistance to immunotherapy [28]. Other immune regulators may also be altered in cancer, such as PD-L1.…”

“…Other immune regulators may also be altered in cancer, such as PD-L1. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein which plays a crucial role in inhibiting adaptive immune responses [28]. As PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint molecule, it can be used by cancer cells to thwart the anti-tumor actions of the immune system.…”