Interrelationships among platelet‐activating factor and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A₂ activity and traditional cardiovascular risk factors

Abstract

Traditionally cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been assessed through blood lipids and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Recent clinical interest in novel pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) recognizes that vascular damage can exist in the absence of traditional risk factors. This crosssectional study investigated the potential relationship between circulating PAF, Lp-PLA 2 , hsCRP, and traditional risk factors for CVD. One hundred adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk were recruited. Fasting inflammatory markers PAF, Lp-PLA 2 and hsCRP and total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were measured. Medical and physical activity data were self-reported. Linear and multiple regressions were performed. PAF, Lp-PLA 2 , and hsCRP independently correlated with several CVD risk factors. PAF was correlated significantly with risk factors in an unexpected way; there was a medium positive correlation between PAF and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.394, p < 0.001) and medium negative correlations with Total:HDL cholesterol; (r = À0.436, p < 0.001) systolic blood pressure; (r = À0.307, p = 0.001); BMI (r = À0.381, p < 0.001); and waist circumference (r = À0.404, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between Lp-PLA 2 and LDL (r = 0.525, p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.508, p < 0.001). There were large positive correlations between hsCRP and Total:HDL cholesterol (r = 0.524, p < 0.001); BMI

Associations between healthy food groups and platelet-activating factor, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and C-reactive protein: a cross-sectional study

“…Methodology for this study, except for the assessment of dietary intake and calculation of servings of food groups, has been previously published [ 63 ].…”

SARS‐CoV‐2 induced HDL dysfunction may affect the host's response to and recovery from COVID‐19

“…32 Besides, plateletactivating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) which also called called Lp-PLA2, and LCAT also contribute to the antioxidant effects of HDL. 19,33,34 Furthermore, HDL attenuates LDL-induced macrophages apoptosis and release of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), inhibiting the expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules. 35 Muid et al 35 in vitro study demonstrated that HDL inhibits most expression of adhesion molecules except vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1).…”

“…Furthermore, PON‐1 can reduce myeloperoxidase activity and modulate the antioxidant activity of LCAT 32 . Besides, platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) which also called called Lp‐PLA2, and LCAT also contribute to the antioxidant effects of HDL 19,33,34 …”

“… 32 Besides, platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) which also called called Lp‐PLA2, and LCAT also contribute to the antioxidant effects of HDL. 19 , 33 , 34 …”

Associations between food groups and biomarkers of inflammation: Are some foods groups more protective than others?

“…Novel pro-inflammatory markers, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA 2 ), have garnered attention due to their specific roles in endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk. During the COVID 19 outbreak research highlighted a potential interaction between PAF and Lp-PLA 2 and the SARS COVID 19 virus (1)(2)(3) and related adenovirus-vector and mRNA vaccines. 4 This cross-sectional study investigated the association between PAF, Lp-PLA 2 , hsCRP, and intake of healthy food groups including fruit, cruciferous and other vegetables, grains, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, nuts and legumes, and dairy in 100 adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable CVD risk.…”