Interrupted time-series analysis showed unintended consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions on pediatric hospital admissions

Moore, Hannah C; Le, Huong Thu; Mace, Ariel O; Blyth, Christopher C; Yeoh, Daniel K; Foley, David A.; Martin, Andrew C.

doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.11.021

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although the simultaneous implementation of NPIs in respective countries makes it difficult to distinguish the impact of each specific measure on RSV, their introduction may increase understanding of RSV transmission. 49 Yeoh et al reported that the average number of RSV detections in Western Australia decreased by 98% during the winter of 2020, compared to prepandemic epidemics from 2012 to 2019. 50 Similarly, large reductions in RSV LRTI were seen elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Changing Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…68 The immunity acquired following natural infection appears to be shortlived, with reinfection occurring frequently, although subsequent infections tend to be mild. 69,70 Since children are considered to be one of the main transmitters of RSV, 49,71 school closures may strongly impact viral circulation. Indeed, the closing of schools and childcare centers in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands due to COVID-19 restrictions occurred during the time of the usual season and coincided with an absent RSV epidemic.…”

Section: Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar situation following the reopening of borders has been observed elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere, implying that population movement, and in turn community transmission, may be key in RSV spread. 49,72 In other areas, an increase in RSV was concurrent with the alleviation of measures affecting adult activity, such as night curfews and working from home, showing the potential for adults to act as an important, out-of-season RSV reservoir. 64 Measures intended to curb COVID-19 infections have also coincided with reduced infections of other respiratory viruses.…”

Section: Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

Stein

Zar

2023

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a major global healthcare burden, particularly in those under 5 years of age. There is no available vaccine, with treatment limited to supportive care or palivizumab for high-risk children.Additionally, although a causal relationship has not been established, RSV has been associated with the development of asthma or wheezing in some children. The COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have caused substantial changes to RSV seasonality and epidemiology. Many countries have experienced an absence of RSV during the time of a typical season, followed by an out-of-season surge upon relaxation of NPI use. These dynamics have disrupted traditional RSV disease patterns and assumptions, but also provide a unique opportunity to learn more about the transmission of RSV and other respiratory viruses, as well as inform future approaches to RSV preventive strategies. Here, we review the RSV burden and epidemiology through the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how new data may affect future decisions regarding RSV prevention.

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Section: Changing Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

Stein

Zar

2023

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…6 RSV seasonality was disrupted in WA in 2020, associated with SARS-CoV-2-related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). 7 Similar disruption has been observed worldwide, with different patterns associated with the level and duration of NPIs. 8 In WA, these NPIs focused on restricting the SARS-CoV-2 introduction by limiting entry into the region and imposing a quarantine period on any permitted arrivals.…”

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…RSV seasonality was disrupted in WA in 2020, associated with SARS‐CoV‐2‐related non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) 7 . Similar disruption has been observed worldwide, with different patterns associated with the level and duration of NPIs 8 .…”

Section: What Is Already Known On This Topicmentioning

confidence: 85%

Unusual local epidemic of paediatric respiratory syncytial virus during a time of global pandemic

Nguyen¹,

Saw²,

Morkos³

et al. 2023

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Background Western Australia (WA) public health measures to eradicate SARS‐CoV‐2 resulted in a secondary reduction in paediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) admissions. Following an absent expected 2020 winter peak, RSV‐positive admissions surged during the summer of 2020. Aim This report examines the number of RSV‐positive admissions and severities across 36 months to better understand this out‐of‐season epidemic. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed assessing the number and severity of RSV‐related respiratory hospitalisations at a peripheral paediatric centre from March 2018 to February 2021. Data were extracted from the hospital clinical database. Results The total number of included participants was n = 294. The total number of RSV hospitalisations in SY (study year) 2018 (March 2018 to February 2019), SY 2019 (March 2019 to February 2020) and SY 2020 (March 2020 to February 2021) was 67, 98 and 129, respectively. Prior to SARS‐CoV‐2, RSV hospitalisations were highest during the winter months. In SY 2020, there were 0 RSV hospitalisations during winter, while 101 admissions in the following summer season. The proportion of admissions requiring respiratory support was significantly reduced in SY 2020 (34.1%) compared to SY 2018 (46.9%, P = 0.050) and SY 2019 (55.2%, P = 0.004). The median length of stay (LOS) in 2020 was 2.0 which was significantly reduced from 2018 and 2019 which was 3.0, P = 0.001; and 3.0, P < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion Following a period of RSV absence, there was an unprecedented surge in admission, however, with lower severity and shorter LOS.

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Changes in Epidemics of Respiratory Viral Infections Resulted From the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Shanghai

Ye,

Tian,

Huo

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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To investigate the changing patterns of respiratory viral infections within the context of COVID‐19 pandemic. The etiological surveillance data of eight respiratory viral pathogens among patients with ARIs in Shanghai between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed to evaluate the dynamic patterns of respiratory viral infections in Shanghai compared to global other regions during pre‐pandemic (period 1), pandemic (period 2), and post‐pandemic (period 3) periods of COVID‐19. In Shanghai and various other global regions, there was a delay of 2‒4 months in the peak positive rate of IFV and a reverse seasonality for RSV, HMPV, and HBoV was observed following the relaxation of NPIs. The proportion of patients infected with any of these eight viruses experiencing fever or high fever notably increased. During the entire study period, IFV was consistently identified as the most prevalent virus, with IFV‐B as the predominant stain during period 2, and IFV‐A regained its dominance following the lifting of NPIs. The proportion of RSV among children significantly increased during period 2 compared to period 1. With the relaxation of NPIs, there has been a resurgence of certain viral pathogens, accompanied by notable alterations in seasonal patterns and the spectrum of viral pathogens.

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Interrupted time-series analysis showed unintended consequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions on pediatric hospital admissions

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

RSV through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future

Unusual local epidemic of paediatric respiratory syncytial virus during a time of global pandemic

Changes in Epidemics of Respiratory Viral Infections Resulted From the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Shanghai

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