Interstellar extinction and interstellar polarization: Old and new models

Вощинников, Н. В.

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.06.013

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…(2) is not satisfied and the ratio of the total-to-selective extinction R V is only one of the characteristics of the dusty medium and it varies in space as well as with wavelength (Voshchinnikov 2012). This has forced scientists to develop a new branch of science, the physics of cosmic dust.…”

Section: Changes In the Concept Of Interstellar Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has forced scientists to develop a new branch of science, the physics of cosmic dust. The review by Voshchinnikov (2012) shows that the observed extinction, reddening, and R V vary extremely widely for different directions, distances, and wavelengths and sources of radiation. In recent years these have been described fairly well by theoretical models with different distribution of dust grains with respect to size, chemical composition, shape, and other properties.…”

Section: Changes In the Concept Of Interstellar Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of this conversion on the surface of the particles increases with falling temperature and increasing particle size (Lipshtat and Biham (2005)). The accumulation of ice shells on refractory grains and the appearance of layered grains also favor increased extinction in the near IR (Fritz, et al (2011);Voshchinnikov (2012)). Greenberg (1974) was the first to point out that the interstellar medium is well described only by models containing coarse (greater than 0.1 µm) dust.…”

Section: Coarse Dust Outside the Galactic Diskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been confirmed in the 21-st century. Voshchinnikov (2012) has reviewed the various grain size distributions that have been proposed. For example, as we have seen, the WD2001 model corresponds best to observations in the 2 − 8 µm range if it is assumed that R V = 5.5.…”

Section: Coarse Dust Outside the Galactic Diskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interstellar Extinction

Gontcharov

2016

Astrophysics

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Key words: interstellar extinction: reddening: interstellar dust particles: characteristics and properties of the Milky Way galaxy.This review describes our current understanding of interstellar extinction. This differ substantially from the ideas of the 20th century. With infrared surveys of hundreds of millions of stars over the entire sky, such as 2MASS, SPITZER-IRAC, and WISE, we have looked at the densest and most rarefied regions of the interstellar medium at distances of a few kpc from the sun. Observations at infrared and microwave wavelengths, where the bulk of the interstellar dust absorbs and radiates, have brought us closer to an understanding of the distribution of the dust particles on scales of the Galaxy and the Universe. We are in the midst of a scientific revolution in our understanding of the interstellar medium and dust. Progress in, and the key results of, this revolution are still difficult to predict. Nevertheless, (a) a physically justified model has been developed for the spatial distribution of absorbing material over the nearest few kiloparsecs, including the Gould belt as a dust container, which gives an accurate estimate of the extinction for any object just in terms of its galactic coordinates. It is also clear that (b) the interstellar medium makes up roughly half the mass of matter in the galactic vicinity of the solar system (the other half is made up of stars, their remnants, and dark matter) and (c) the interstellar medium and, especially, dust, differ substantially in different regions of space, and deep space cannot be understood by only studying nearby space. *

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Section: Changes In the Concept Of Interstellar Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In the Concept Of Interstellar Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coarse Dust Outside the Galactic Diskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coarse Dust Outside the Galactic Diskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interstellar Extinction

Gontcharov

2016

Astrophysics

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“…Various models of diffuse dust have been developed to reproduce the polarization and extinction spectral dependences with a combination of aligned and unaligned grains (e.g., Lee & Draine 1985;Li & Greenberg 1997;Voshchinnikov 2012). The most recent are further constrained by fitting the (pre-Planck) spectral energy distribution of dust emission in the infrared and submillimetre (Draine & Fraisse 2009;Siebenmorgen et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planckintermediate results. XXI. Comparison of polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust at 353 GHz with interstellar polarization in the visible

Ade

Aghanim

Alina

et al. 2015

A&A

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The Planck survey provides unprecedented full-sky coverage of the submillimetre polarized emission from Galactic dust. In addition to the information on the direction of the Galactic magnetic field, this also brings new constraints on the properties of dust. The dust grains that emit the radiation seen by Planck in the submillimetre also extinguish and polarize starlight in the visible. Comparison of the polarization of the emission and of the interstellar polarization on selected lines of sight probed by stars provides unique new diagnostics of the emission and light scattering properties of dust, and therefore of the important dust model parameters, composition, size, and shape. Using ancillary catalogues of interstellar polarization and extinction of starlight, we obtain the degree of polarization, p V , and the optical depth in the V band to the star, τ V . Toward these stars we measure the submillimetre polarized intensity, P S , and total intensity, I S , in the Planck 353 GHz channel. We compare the column density measure in the visible, E(B − V), with that inferred from the Planck product map of the submillimetre dust optical depth and compare the polarization direction (position angle) in the visible with that in the submillimetre. For those lines of sight through the diffuse interstellar medium with comparable values of the estimated column density and polarization directions close to orthogonal, we correlate properties in the submillimetre and visible to find two ratios, R S/V = (P S /I S )/(p V /τ V ) and R P/p = P S /p V , the latter focusing directly on the polarization properties of the aligned grain population alone. We find R S/V = 4.2, with statistical and systematic uncertainties 0.2 and 0.3, respectively, and R P/p = 5.4 MJy sr −1 , with uncertainties 0.2 and 0.3 MJy sr −1 , respectively. Our estimate of R S/V is compatible with predictions based on a range of polarizing dust models that have been developed for the diffuse interstellar medium. This estimate provides new empirical validation of many of the common underlying assumptions of the models, but is not yet very discriminating among them. However, our estimate of R P/p is not compatible with predictions, which are too low by a factor of about 2.5. This more discriminating diagnostic, R P/p , indicates that changes to the optical properties in the models of the aligned grain population are required. These new diagnostics, together with the spectral dependence in the submillimetre from Planck, will be important for constraining and understanding the full complexity of the grain models, and for interpreting the Planck thermal dust polarization and refinement of the separation of this contamination of the cosmic microwave background.Key words. polarization -dust, extinction -ISM: clouds -ISM: magnetic fields -submillimeter: ISM Appendices are available in electronic form at

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A Survey of Solar System and Galactic Objects With Pristine Surfaces That Record History and Perhaps Panspermia, With a Plan for Exploration

Vukotić

Gordon

2021

Planet Formation and Panspermia

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Interstellar extinction and interstellar polarization: Old and new models

Cited by 46 publications

References 145 publications

Interstellar Extinction

Interstellar Extinction

Planckintermediate results. XXI. Comparison of polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust at 353 GHz with interstellar polarization in the visible

A Survey of Solar System and Galactic Objects With Pristine Surfaces That Record History and Perhaps Panspermia, With a Plan for Exploration

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