Intervention or Involvement: A Video Observational Analysis of Bouncers in Aggressive Encounters

Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Ejbye-Ernst, Peter; Philpot, Richard M.; Heinskou, Marie Bruvik; Demant, Jakob; Dausel, Kasper Lykke; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz

doi:10.1080/01639625.2019.1619421

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…We, furthermore, instructed the operators to collect as much footage as possible leading up to and following the conflict situation. These selection criteria are based on previous research (Levine et al, 2011; Suonperä Liebst et al, 2020) and the review of numerous video clips of interpersonal conflicts for behavioral cues of imminent conflict.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to stop a fight—A qualitative video analysis of how third-parties de-escalate real-life interpersonal conflicts in public.

Ejbye-Ernst¹,

Lindegaard²,

Bernasco³

2022

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: While previous research agrees that third-parties often manage to de-escalate interpersonal conflicts when they intervene, we still know little about how they achieve this influence. The aim of the present study is to address this gap in the literature by investigating how third-parties de-escalate conflicts. Method: We conduct a two-part qualitative analysis of closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage of 48 reallife conflicts from the streets of Amsterdam. The first part consists of an inductive analysis of CCTV-footage investigating the typical sequence of de-escalatory interventions. The second part consists of a deductive coding based on the findings from part one of the analysis. Results: We identify an ideal-typical model of de-escalation consisting of three phases: Objection, separation, and placation. This model describes how third-parties adapt their intervention to the reaction of the antagonists of the conflict through a contingency principle: When the current phase of intervention fails to de-escalate the conflict, the third-party proceeds to the following phase of the model. We also identify observable intervention behaviors that are characteristic of each of the three phases. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that there is not one way to de-escalate a conflict, but rather that third-parties are successful, because they adapt their intervention to the situation at hand. The findings of this study imply that if we want to get closer to understanding when third-party interventions are effective, we need to acknowledge the complexity of these interventions and move beyond the action/inaction dichotomy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to stop a fight—A qualitative video analysis of how third-parties de-escalate real-life interpersonal conflicts in public.

Ejbye-Ernst¹,

Lindegaard²,

Bernasco³

2022

Psychology of Violence

Self Cite

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“…Perhaps more importantly, this paper does not consider the critical impact of material forces such as urban streetscapes and venue design (Graham and Wells, 2003) or how violence emerges in engagements with other contextual elements (Collins, 2008;MacLean and Moore, 2014). We do not investigate the effects of bouncers or police, or of representation of violence in media, which others have shown to influence some men's actions when intoxicated (Flynn et al, 2016;Suonperä Liebst et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who or what do young adults hold responsible for men’s drunken violence?

MacLean

Demant

Room

2020

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…They are often located in close proximity to each other (Liu et al., 2022) along with takeaways and other services (such as taxis) to create an NTE environment. This NTE environment records high levels of crime and disorder (Hadfield, 2006; Liebst et al., 2019; Wilkinson et al., 2016). For example, Winlow and Hall (2006) found that NTE incidents outnumbered daytime incidents by three to one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crime and the place: Robbery in the night‐time economy

Wüllenweber

Burrell

2023

Journal Invest Psychology

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The night‐time economy (NTE) provides many opportunities for crime as there is an abundance of potential victims who are often intoxicated and clustered in a small geographical area. Previous research on NTE violence has primarily focused on assault. However, other offences are also common, such as robbery. This study focused on NTE‐related robbery using police recorded crime data relating to 1624 personal robberies (including attempts) from West Midlands Police, UK. The data was binary coded to identify and compare offence characteristics. Robbery offences in the NTE showed unique characteristics compared to robberies unrelated to this context. In particular, there were differences in alcohol, use of violence, injuries, approach style and crime locations. The findings of the current research align with theoretical frameworks from environmental criminology (e.g. crime generators and attractors), have implications for crime prevention and investigations and can feed into developing policing strategies that take into account the background context for offending.

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Intervention or Involvement: A Video Observational Analysis of Bouncers in Aggressive Encounters

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

How to stop a fight—A qualitative video analysis of how third-parties de-escalate real-life interpersonal conflicts in public.

How to stop a fight—A qualitative video analysis of how third-parties de-escalate real-life interpersonal conflicts in public.

Who or what do young adults hold responsible for men’s drunken violence?

The crime and the place: Robbery in the night‐time economy

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