Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under

Consolidating evidence on the effectiveness of interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption: an umbrella review

“…Two reviews included only primary studies conducted in the United States (US) [ 52 , 53 ] and one review was restricted to LMIC [ 49 ]. Of the 19 reviews, four included only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster RCTs, [ 23 , 46 , 54 , 58 ] and seven undertook pooled quantitative analyses [ 23 , 26 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 54 , 55 ]. Eight reviews included primary studies undertaken in children and adolescents only (between 1 and 18 years), [ 22 , 23 , 46 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 ] two were in adults (> 18 years) only, [ 50 , 56 ] nine included all ages, [ 26 , 43 – 45 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 53 ] and one review did not specify ages included but gave the population as workers [ 48 ].…”

“…school) intervention strategy aimed at improving vegetable consumption, either alone or in combination with other healthy eating and lifestyle messages; and had a quantitative measure of ‘usual’ vegetable consumption separate to other food groups (such as fruit). 3 Narrative synthesis No 2004 - June 2014 22 Hodder et al, 2020 [ 23 ] RCT Age: ≤ 5 years Setting: all settings Trials of intervention strategies primarily targeting consumption of fruit, vegetables or both among children, and incorporating a dietary or biochemical assessment of fruit or vegetable consumption. 3 Pooled quantitative synthesis No Jan 2020 80 Hollis-Hansen et al, 2019 [ 52 ] RCT, non-RCT and observational Age: all ages Setting: Markets in lower-income communities Primary studies that examined the introduction of new food retail into a lower-income community in the United States (including any Community Supported Agriculture, farmers’ market, farm stand, mobile produce market (MPM), healthy corner store, or grocery store); included F&V intake as an outcome; and determined “diet quality” as consumption of F&Vs. 3 Narrative synthesis No 24 Aug 2018 15 Hsiao et al, 2018 [ 53 ] RCT, non-RCT and observational Age: all ages Setting: All settings within the United States Primary studies based on empirical research of MPMs located in the United States; had results; analysed MPM separately from other market venues; and analysed MPMs that predominantly sold fruits and/or vegetables.…”

“…Additional file 2 describes the outcome of the quality assessment of included reviews. Most of the reviews were of a high quality ( n = 12), [ 23 , 26 , 44 – 46 , 48 , 50 , 53 – 57 ]. Seven reviews met 34–66% of the critical appraisal criteria (CA) (i.e.…”

“… Childcare based intervention strategies Hodder et al, 2020 [ 23 ] Child feeding intervention strategies delivered by childcare providers Domain: BCC Policy area: Give nutrition education and skills GRADE for child feeding intervention strategies was ‘Low’. d , o Child feeding intervention strategies for childcare providers improved fruit and/or vegetable intake of children: SMD 0.63 (95%CI 0.23, 1.03; p = 0.002; I 2 81%; n = 8 primary studies) Y Hodder et al, 2020 [ 23 ] Parent nutrition education intervention strategies delivered in childcare Domain: BCC Policy area: Give nutrition education and skills GRADE for parent nutrition education intervention strategies was ‘Very Low’. d, o Parent nutrition education did not significantly improve child fruit and/or vegetable intake: SMD 0.43 (95%CI −0.27, 1.13; p = 0.23; I 2 84%; n = 2 primary studies) ?…”

“…d, o Parent nutrition education did not significantly improve child fruit and/or vegetable intake: SMD 0.43 (95%CI −0.27, 1.13; p = 0.23; I 2 84%; n = 2 primary studies) ? Hodder et al, 2020 [ 23 ] Multicomponent interventions Policy domain: BCC Policy area: Give nutrition education and skills GRADE for multi-component interventions was ‘Moderate’. d, o Multi-component interventions delivered in childcare did not significantly improve child fruit and/or vegetable intake: SMD 0.21 (95%CI − 0.07, 0.49; p = 0.15; I 2 78%; n = 5 primary studies) ?…”