Intestinal absorption of maternal leucocytes by newborn lambs

Schnorr, K.L.; Pearson, Leonard

doi:10.1016/0165-0378(84)90031-7

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Breast milk, unlike most other secretions, contains a relatively large number of viable immune cells, including T cells and macrophages. These cells survive digestion, traverse the intestinal tract, and are functional in the nursing infant (18,19,21,46,48,55). This raises the interesting possibility that BMC control pathogens not only within the breast but within the infant as well.…”

Section: Fig 2 Depletion Of Cd8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is ample evidence from animal models that BMC traverse the intestine and function within the neonate. Studies of mice and lambs have shown the direct presence of maternally derived leukocytes in peripheral tissue as well the ability of these cells to transfer T-cell immunity to the nursed offspring (18,19,46,55). Nude mice, which are severely deficient in their plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocytes, suckled by heterozygous normal mothers had a 10-fold increase in the production of plaque-forming cells to sheep erythrocytes than nude mice suckled by their nude mothers (18).…”

Section: Fig 2 Depletion Of Cd8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal studies demonstrate that breast milk lymphocytes can traverse the gastrointestinal tract and function within the neonate (19,21,46,55). While this has not been demonstrated for humans, it has been established that intestinal permeability during the neonatal period is increased in humans (54).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Sabbaj¹,

Edwards

Ghosh

et al. 2002

J Virol

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Breast-feeding infants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-؉ T cells mediated these responses, and a chromium-release assay showed that these BMC were capable of lysing target cells in an HIV-specific manner. These data demonstrate the presence of HIV-specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8 ؉ CTLs in breast milk. Their presence suggests a role in limiting transmission and provides a rationale for vaccine strategies to enhance these responses.

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Section: Fig 2 Depletion Of Cd8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 2 Depletion Of Cd8mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Sabbaj¹,

Edwards

Ghosh

et al. 2002

J Virol

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“…The precise role of leukocytes in human milk is still unknown. In animal studies, milk leukocytes have been shown to pass through the gastrointestinal mucosa of a suckling newborn (2)(3)(4)(5). They produce cytokines and mediators, which may be released throughout the gastrointestinal tract (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Human Milk Is Associated with Development of Cow's Milk Allergy and Atopic Eczema in Breast-fed Infants

et al. 2004

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The precise role of leukocytes and mediators in human milk is still unresolved. Eosinophils are uncommonly detected in human milk and their presence has previously been associated with maternal atopy and development of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in the breast-fed infant. The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in human milk and to compare the levels with development of allergic diseases in breast-fed infants. Altogether 94 breast-feeding mothers (58 atopic, 36 nonatopic) with their babies were prospectively followed from birth for development of CMA or atopic dermatitis. Colostrum and mature milk samples (at 3 mo of lactation), together with mother's peripheral blood samples, were collected. Milk and blood leukocyte content was evaluated with a light microscope. ECP concentration in human milk was measured by commercial UniCAP method. By the end of a 2-y follow-up, 51 mothers had an infant with CMA, 24 had an infant with atopic dermatitis, and 19 had a healthy infant. ECP concentration in milk was under the detection limit (2 g/L) in all the mothers with a healthy infant, whereas detectable levels were found in 27% of mothers with a CMA infant and in 42% of those with a baby with atopic dermatitis. Measurable ECP in milk was detected in 26% of the atopic and 25% of the nonatopic mothers. Presence of ECP in human milk is associated with development of CMA and atopic dermatitis in the breast-fed infant, but has no direct association with the maternal atopy. Human breast milk provides nutrients and multiple immunologic factors, like secretory IgA, to the breast-fed infant (1). It is known to be an important immunologic support system extending from the mother to her infant during the first months of life. The precise role of leukocytes in human milk is still unknown. In animal studies, milk leukocytes have been shown to pass through the gastrointestinal mucosa of a suckling newborn (2-5). They produce cytokines and mediators, which may be released throughout the gastrointestinal tract (6). In our previous studies, we have found that macrophage is the predominant leukocyte in milk of mothers with a healthy baby, whereas in the mothers with a CMA infant, neutrophils and eosinophils are found in excess (7). We have also shown that decreased function of macrophages is likewise associated with development of CMA in breast-fed infants (8), suggesting that defective immunologic support from mother's milk may interfere with normal development of oral tolerance to food proteins.Eosinophils are mainly tissue-dwelling cells. The bloodtissue ratio of eosinophils has been estimated to be 1:100 (9) Eosinophils are presumably involved in normal immune defense as well as in specific morbid processes including parasitic infections and hypersensitivity reactions (9, 10). Eosinophil granules contain cationic proteins, which have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro to be tissue-destructive (9). Detection of eosinophil-derived granular proteins reflects earlier degranulation of eosinoph...

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“…Previous PO experimental CAEV and OPPV infection studies have utilized only neonatal lambs due to the fact that the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal lambs is only permeable to macromolecules such as immunoglobulins and leukocytes for approximately 48 hours post-parturition [40][41][42]. Bottle-feeding oral infection studies using 2 × 10 7 TCID 50 of a Florida CAEV isolate resulted in two out of three (66%) neonatal kids becoming infected [43], and bottle-feeding of 3.8 × 10…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Is Transmitted More Effectively via Aerosol Nebulization than Oral Administration

Herrmann‐Hoesing¹,

White²,

Broughton-Neiswanger³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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A new method of experimental infection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), aerosol nebulization (Nb), was compared to intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) methods of experimental infection. Seven month old lambs were given 3.5 × 10 7 TCID 50 of Dubois OPPV LMH19 isolate using IV, PO, or Nb methods and were monitored for infection using cELISA and OPPV quantitative (q) PCR for 35 weeks. Four out of four sheep in the IV group, six out of six sheep in the Nb group, but only two out of six sheep in the PO group became infected by OPPV; whereas the uninoculated controls (n = 2) and a sentinel control (n = 1) remained uninfected during the course of the study. The time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the Nb group was quicker and statistically different from the time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the PO group (cELISA P-value = 0.0021 and OPPV qPCR P-value = 0.0007). When the Nb and IV groups were compared, sheep became cELISA and OPPV qPCR positive at similar times (cELISA P-value = 0.6 and OPPV qPCR P-value = 0.1). In addition, sheep became OPPV qPCR positive prior to cELISA in both the IV and Nb groups (IV P-value = 0.027 and Nb P-value = 0.007). Aerosol nebulization is a more natural experimental method of transmitting OPPV and may be valuable for testing potential vaccines or specific host genetics.

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Intestinal absorption of maternal leucocytes by newborn lambs

Cited by 80 publications

References 9 publications

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Human Milk Is Associated with Development of Cow's Milk Allergy and Atopic Eczema in Breast-fed Infants

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Is Transmitted More Effectively via Aerosol Nebulization than Oral Administration

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Intestinal absorption of maternal leucocytes by newborn lambs

Cited by 80 publications

References 9 publications

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Human Milk Is Associated with Development of Cow's Milk Allergy and Atopic Eczema in Breast-fed Infants

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Is Transmitted More Effectively via Aerosol Nebulization than Oral Administration

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Cells in Human Breast Milk

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8⁺T Cells in Human Breast Milk