Intestinal Microflora and Metabolic Activity

Chaia, Adriana Pérez; Oliver, G.

doi:10.1002/9780470774595.ch4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The major gases produced in the gastrointestinal tract are CO 2 and H 2 by bacterial groups such as clostridia and enterobacteria (9). These gases are inevitable fermentation products but also are the major clinical disincentive to the consumption of prebiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroFermentation of Linear and α-1,2-Branched Dextrans by the Human Fecal Microbiota

Sarbini

Kolida

Naeye³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The role of structure and molecular weight in fermentation selectivity in linear ␣-1,6 dextrans and dextrans with ␣-1,2 branching was investigated. Fermentation by gut bacteria was determined in anaerobic, pH-controlled fecal batch cultures after 36 h. Inulin (1%, wt/vol), which is a known prebiotic, was used as a control. Samples were obtained at 0, 10, 24, and 36 h of fermentation for bacterial enumeration by fluorescent in situ hybridization and short-chain fatty acid analyses. The gas production of the substrate fermentation was investigated in non-pHcontrolled, fecal batch culture tubes after 36 h. Linear and branched 1-kDa dextrans produced significant increases in Bifidobacterium populations. The degree of ␣-1,2 branching did not influence the Bifidobacterium populations; however, ␣-1,2 branching increased the dietary fiber content, implying a decrease in digestibility. Other measured bacteria were unaffected by the test substrates except for the Bacteroides-Prevotella group, the growth levels of which were increased on inulin and 6-and 70-kDa dextrans, and the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii group, the growth levels of which were decreased on inulin and 1-kDa dextrans. A considerable increase in short-chain fatty acid concentration was measured following the fermentation of all dextrans and inulin. Gas production rates were similar among all dextrans tested but were significantly slower than that for inulin. The linear 1-kDa dextran produced lower total gas and shorter time to attain maximal gas production compared to those of the 70-kDa dextran (branched) and inulin. These findings indicate that dextrans induce a selective effect on the gut flora, short-chain fatty acids, and gas production depending on their length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroFermentation of Linear and α-1,2-Branched Dextrans by the Human Fecal Microbiota

Sarbini

Kolida

Naeye³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Unlike the other two major pathways, a 4-10-fold increase of CYP2E1 expression has been associated with ethanol abuse [21,22]. This induction explains tolerance to the desirable/expected effects of ethanol after chronic consumption and cross-tolerance with other CYP2E1 substrates [23].…”

Section: Cyp2e1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Metabolomics of Ethanol

Dinis-Oliveira

2016

CDM

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“…Acidification of the intestinal environment by probiotics may inhibit the growth of pathogens and the production of toxic compounds such as ammonia and amines. In a diverse microbial population, carbohydrate fermentation yields short‐chain fatty acids 9 such as butyrate, which has been known to inhibit DNA synthesis and stimulate apoptosis. These compounds may play a significant role in the prevention of cancer of the GI tract.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds may play a significant role in the prevention of cancer of the GI tract. Carbohydrate fermentation and short‐chain fatty acid production significantly improve the absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus 9 . Several members of the intestinal microbiota produce vitamins and minerals and provide them to the host.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease

Guarner²,

et al. 2011

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Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in appropriate amounts. Over 700 randomized, controlled, human studies have been conducted with probiotics thus far, with the results providing strong support for the use of probiotics in the clinical prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders and metabolic syndrome. The present review is based on webinar presentations that were developed by the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) in partnership with the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) and the North American branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America). The presentations provided gastroenterologists and researchers with fundamental and current scientific information on the influence of gut microbiota on human health and disease, as well as clinical intervention strategies and practical guidelines for the use of probiotics and prebiotics.

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Intestinal Microflora and Metabolic Activity

Cited by 18 publications

References 92 publications

In VitroFermentation of Linear and α-1,2-Branched Dextrans by the Human Fecal Microbiota

In VitroFermentation of Linear and α-1,2-Branched Dextrans by the Human Fecal Microbiota

Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Metabolomics of Ethanol

Human gut microbiota and its relationship to health and disease

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