Intestinal permeability in subjects from two different race groups with diverse stone-risk profiles

Abstract

It is well established that calcium oxalate stones may be caused by colonic or ileum oxalate (Ox) hyperabsorption (secondary to intestinal dysfunction). Studies have reported that increased intestinal permeability (IP) can cause hyperabsorption of nutrients culminating in passive diffusion of Ox. In South Africa, renal stones occur in the white population (W) but are extremely rare in the black population (B). Previous studies have shown that despite B having a hyperoxalurogenic diet relative to W, urinary Ox in the former is not higher. It has been suggested that different Ox handling mechanisms in the groups are the cause of this disparity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the IP index, a reliable and accurate measure of intestinal integrity, plays a role in this anomaly. Ten healthy males from each group ingested a dual-sugar isotonic solution containing 5 g lactulose (LA) and 2 g mannitol (MA). IP was assessed by comparing the LA:MA ratio in 5 h urine samples using high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulse amperometric detection to measure the concentration of each sugar. 24 h dietary intake and urine composition were also determined. LA excretion was identical in both groups (0.03 %) while MA excretion was 8.3 % in B and 11.3 % in W. IP index was 0.004 for B and 0.003 for W. It is concluded that IP is not a contributory factor in the apparent different handling of dietary Ox in B and W South Africans. It is speculated that differences in renal transporters may play a role.

Differential trafficking of saccharidic probes following aspirin in clinical tests of intestinal permeability in young healthy women

“…Twenty healthy women aged between 20 and 40 years completed the study. This number of subjects was chosen because it is broadly in line with the number of individuals in previous studies that used the sugar absorption test …”

“…This number of subjects was chosen because it is broadly in line with the number of individuals in previous studies that used the sugar absorption test. 14,37,38 Subjects were screened by a health questionnaire and a clinical interview to exclude participants with gastrointestinal disorders, those taking ongoing prescription or over-the-counter medication, prebiotic or probiotic or vitamin supplements and those who had more than moderate alcohol intake. Similarly, subjects with any history of current urinary tract infections, vaginal discharge and aspirin sensitivity were excluded from the study.…”

“…The sugar absorption test for measuring intestinal permeability is well researched and generally accepted for use in the surveillance of recovery from inflammatory [1][2][3][4][5] and autoimmune diseases, such as coeliac disease. [6][7][8][9][10] This non-invasive and reliable method is well established in the detection of intestinal 1,11,12 and extraintestinal conditions [13][14][15] ; however, the dynamics that govern the recovery of the probes are less clear.…”

Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N‐1 could prevent ethylene glycol‐induced kidney stones by regulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal barrier function

“…36 Increased intestinal permeability can cause hyperabsorption of nutrients, which can lead to the passive diffusion of oxalate. 37 Also, the frequent intake of oxalate through diet and incremental intestinal absorption, are considered the major causes of urine oxalate, which are risk factors for the development of kidney stone. 38 Furthermore, Claudin-2 proteins are critical for the reabsorption of calcium in enterocytes through paracellular pathways.…”

“…Claudin‐2 protein, as the constituent part of tight junction strands, is directly involved in the barrier formation of epithelia cells, but with different ion and size selectivity and tightness depending on the cell type and physiological requirements 36 . Increased intestinal permeability can cause hyperabsorption of nutrients, which can lead to the passive diffusion of oxalate 37 . Also, the frequent intake of oxalate through diet and incremental intestinal absorption, are considered the major causes of urine oxalate, which are risk factors for the development of kidney stone 38 .…”