Intra prediction mode selection for flicker reduction in H.264/AVC

Chun, Seong Soo; Kim, Jung-Rim; Sull, Sanghoon

doi:10.1109/tce.2006.273149

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In [9] and [10] an Intra prediction mode selection method was discussed to reduce the flicker artifact. The method relies on modifying the distortion value of the Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) process by adding a new flicker-related term, which is used in the flicker-prone MBs.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we have selected two methods, those described in [10] and [7], to serve as references for comparison. We should mention that the method in [7] was designed to work with RDO disabled; thus, we have adapted our proposal to operate in such mode.…”

Section: ) Comparison To State-of-the-art Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated in [10], this is a consequence of using different coding processes for these co-located blocks. Specifically, it becomes a more serious problem when coding a periodic Intra frame (I-frame), since the redundancy-removing methods used by the encoder notably change in the subsequent or previous Inter-coded frame (P-or B-frame).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others (e.g., [12], [13], [17]) require to perform a filtering process at the decoder side, what prevents their use when any of the available standard decoder implementations must be used. Others (e.g., [9], [10], [15]) depend on fixed thresholds that hinder a proper generalization ability. Moreover, none of them controls the PSNR losses incurred by the algorithm in exchange for flicker reduction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standard-Compliant Low-Pass Temporal Filter to Reduce the Perceived Flicker Artifact

Jiménez-Moreno

Martinez-Enriquez

Kumar

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Abstract-Flicker is a common video compression-related temporal artifact. It occurs when co-located regions of consecutive frames are not encoded in a consistent manner, especially when Intra frames are periodically inserted at low and medium bit rates. In this paper we propose a flicker reduction method which aims to make the luminance changes between pixels in the same area of consecutive frames less noticeable. To this end, a temporal low-pass filtering is proposed that smooths these luminance changes on a block-by-block basis. The proposed method has some advantages compared to another state-of-the-art methods. It has been designed to be compliant with conventional video coding standards, i.e., to generate a bitstream that is decodable by any standard decoder implementation. The filter strength is estimated on-the-fly to limit the PSNR loss and thus the appearance of a noticeable blurring effect. The proposed method has been implemented on the H.264/AVC reference software and thoroughly assessed in comparison to a couple of state-of-the-art methods. The flicker reduction achieved by the proposed method (calculated using an objective measurement) is notably higher than that of compared methods: 18.78% vs. 5.32% and 31.96% vs. 8.34%, in exchange of some slight losses in terms of coding efficiency. In terms of subjective quality, the proposed method is perceived more than two times better than the compared methods.Index Terms-Flicker artifact, flicker reduction, H.264/AVC, low-pass temporal filtering, motion-guided temporal filtering, onthe-fly filter strength control, standard compliant.

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Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Comparison To State-of-the-art Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Standard-Compliant Low-Pass Temporal Filter to Reduce the Perceived Flicker Artifact

Jiménez-Moreno

Martinez-Enriquez

Kumar

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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“…I i denotes the ith stationary block satisfying low-motion check with a threshold τ, N denotes the number of static blocks in a frame, card(I) represents the cardinality of the set I, and SSD f stands for the flickering intensity between f t (x) and f t-1 (x). Note that blocks of higher motion activity are excluded for flickering calculation by choosing τ = 500 (as suggested in [28]) in our system. To verify the influence of the GOP size on temporal fluctuation, the sequence Hall monitor is encoded by the DISCOVER codec with two GOP sizes, namely 8 and 2.…”

Section: Comparison On Temporal Flicker 421 Temporal Flickering Redmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed video coding with block mode decision to reduce temporal flickering

Lee

Chiang

Tsai

et al. 2013

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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The common distributed video coding (DVC) systems treat input video frames group by group. In each group of pictures (GOP), usually the first frame, called key frame, is intra-coded and the others are Wyner-Ziv (WZ)-coded. This GOP coding structure presents a fixed and inefficient coding mode switch (key or WZ) at group boundaries, thus preventing a DVC system from adapting the rate-distortion (R-D) performance to varying video content. In this work, a structure of temporal group of blocks (TGOB) with dynamic coding mode (key/WZ) decision is presented. This dynamic TGOB coding architecture determines each image block to be a key block or a WZ block based on spatiotemporal image analysis, resulting in a mode switch of fine granularity in both the spatial and temporal domains. As a consequence, not only the overall coding efficiency is improved, but also the temporal flickering artifacts for the reconstructed video are reduced substantially. Experimental results show that our proposed DVC scheme with block mode decision achieves up to 2.85 dB of quality gain and also up to 51% of temporal flickering reduction, compared to the well-known DISCOVER system.

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