Intramedullary spinal cord damage associated with intervertebral disk material in a dog

Sanders, Sean; Bagley, Rodney S.; Gavin, Patrick R.

doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.1594

Cited by 34 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Spinal parenchymal changes associated with spinal cord injury have been described in dogs, 15–18 but the MR characteristics of hemorrhagic myelomalacia have not previously been described in this species. The MR diagnosis of myelomalacia has been described in humans 19–24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Ascending Hemorrhagic Myelomalacia in a Dog

Platt

McConnell

Bestbier

2005

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A 4-year-old neutered female terrier-cross was evaluated for an acute onset of paraplegia. Utilizing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the cause of the neurologic deficits was determined to be a lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. The MR study additionally demonstrated parenchymal hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and similarly located diffuse hypointensity on gradient echo images, cranial and caudal to the compressive extradural lesion. Hemorrhagic myelomalacia was suspected based on these MR characteristics, which was subsequently confirmed surgically and histopathologically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Ascending Hemorrhagic Myelomalacia in a Dog

Platt

McConnell

Bestbier

2005

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…I ntradural disc herniation with an extruded nucleus pulposus penetrating the dura mater is a rarely reported cause of neurologic deficits in dogs . Extruded nuclei pulposi may be present in the subarachnoid space (intradural extramedullary disc herniation) or in the spinal cord parenchyma (intramedullary disc herniation) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intramedullary contrast medium was observed upon CTM in a case of canine intramedullary intradural disc herniation . Furthermore, a canine intradural disc herniation case has been examined with high‐field MRI; however, only a spinal cord abnormality was indicated, so that diagnosis necessitated exploratory surgery and a biopsy . Additionally, as for other animals, only a feline case was diagnosed as having an intradural disc herniation, using radiography and high‐field MRI findings .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracolumbar Intradural Disc Herniation in Eight Dogs: Clinical, Low‐field Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Computed Tomographic Myelography Findings

Tamura¹,

Doi²,

Tamura³

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Intradural disc herniation is a rarely reported cause of neurologic deficits in dogs and few published studies have described comparative imaging characteristics. The purpose of this retrospective cross sectional study was to describe clinical and imaging findings in a group of dogs with confirmed thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation. Included dogs were referred to one of four clinics, had acute mono/paraparesis or paraplegia, had low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomographic myelography, and were diagnosed with thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation during surgery. Eight dogs met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation amongst the total population of dogs that developed a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation and that were treated with a surgical procedure was 0.5%. Five dogs were examined using low-field MRI. Lesions that were suspected to be intervertebral disc herniations were observed; however, there were no specific findings indicating that the nucleus pulposus had penetrated into the subarachnoid space or into the spinal cord parenchyma. Thus, the dogs were misdiagnosed as having a conventional intervertebral disc herniation. An intradural extramedullary disc herniation (three cases) or intramedullary disc herniation (two cases) was confirmed during surgery. By using computed tomographic myelography (CTM) for the remaining three dogs, an intradural extramedullary mass surrounded by an accumulation of contrast medium was observed and confirmed during surgery. Findings from this small sample of eight dogs indicated that CTM may be more sensitive for diagnosing canine thoracolumbar intradural disc herniation than low-field MRI.

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“…In cases of diseases in the thoracolumbar and/or lumbar spine, myelography in the lumbar region is more effective because the contrast medium may fail to reach the injury site in cervical myelography because of the distance in relation to the injection site (WIDMER;THRALL, 2002;SANDERS et al, 2002;PEDRO NETO, 2005;PORTUGAL et al, 2009); however, lumbar puncture is difficult due to the shortening of the spine and subarachnoid space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of myelography in dogs: 61 cases (2003–2012)

et al. 2014

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Myelography is a radiological contrast examination technique frequently used in the diagnosis of vertebral spine and spinal cord disorders. The procedure involves inserting a needle with subsequent injection of contrast medium, which delimits the spinal cord. The main indication is suspected spinal injuries not visualized on plain radiographs. Myelography is effective in the identification of the location of the lesion but is contraindicated in patients with infectious diseases or who have recently experienced trauma. Advantages of myelography are cost effectiveness in both the examination procedure and maintenance of equipment, and delivery of quality images, compared with other imaging methods in dogs. Disadvantages include a relatively long examination procedure, the need for general anesthesia, and the risk of seizures or death. The aim of this study was to characterize a population of dogs undergoing myelography according to the following factors: severity of injury, breed, age, sex, reproductive status, diet, weight, previous illnesses, vertebral region evaluated, lesion location in spinal cord or meninges, cause of radiographic signs, and possible complications. The database was created from information in medical records, and included 61 dogs with suspected disorders of the vertebral spine, spinal cord, and/or meninges that underwent myelography at the Unidade Hospitalar para Animais de Companhia of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná from January 2003 through December 2012. The results indicate that the most common degree of injury severity was Grade 2 (39.34% of the patients). The most prevalent breeds were mixed breed dogs (22.58%) and the dachshund (18.03%). Ages with higher frequency were 6 and 10 years (average, 7.6 years). According to sex and reproductive status, intact male (42.62%) and female (36.06%) dogs were most affected. The commercial (50.82%) and mixed (44.26%) diets were the most common diets. The body weight between 6 and 15 kg (37.70%) was the most significant. Most of the patients showed no previous diseases (73.77%). The thoracolumbar region was the most evaluated (47.22%). Most injuries were extramedullary (62.30%), and the most common cause was intervertebral disc disease (52.38%). The complications of myelography were not significant. It can be seen that the data in our environment tend to be similar to those of the national literature, but international literature is currently focusing on more sensitive tests such as CT and MRI. Key words: Myelography, vertebral spine, spinal cord, intervertebral disc disease in dogs ResumoA mielografia é utilizada no diagnóstico de doenças da coluna vertebral e medula espinhal. são suspeitas de lesões medulares não visualizadas em radiografias simples. Suas contraindicações são em pacientes com doenças infecciosas ou que sofreram trauma recente. Se comparada a outros métodos imaginológicos em cães, apresenta a vantagem de ter baixo custo do exame e de manutenção. Como desvantagem, apresenta maior tempo para a realização do exame,...

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Intramedullary spinal cord damage associated with intervertebral disk material in a dog

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Ascending Hemorrhagic Myelomalacia in a Dog

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Ascending Hemorrhagic Myelomalacia in a Dog

Thoracolumbar Intradural Disc Herniation in Eight Dogs: Clinical, Low‐field Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Computed Tomographic Myelography Findings

Epidemiological aspects of myelography in dogs: 61 cases (2003–2012)

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