Intraoperative Peritoneal Interleukin-6 Concentration Changes in Relation to the High-Mobility Group Protein B1 and Heat Shock Protein 70 Levels in Children Undergoing Cholecystectomy

Abstract

<jats:p>The aim was the evaluation of IL-6 concentration in peritoneal lavage fluid of children which underwent cholecystectomy to ascertain if there is a difference in early inflammatory response depending on the type of surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopy). The analysis of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was performed to find out if the source of IL-6 was related to tissue damage. IL-6 concentration in peritoneal lavage fluid samples, obtained at the beginning and at the end of the laparoscopic (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>23</mml:mn></mml:math>) and open cholecystectomy (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:math>), was tested with a routinely used electrochemiluminescence assay. The concentrations of HMGB1 and HSP70 were analyzed with the use of an ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA PL release 12.5 Program. The differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:math> test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Correlations were studied by using the Spearman correlation test. Our results demonstrated significant peritoneal lavage fluid IL-6 concentration growth measured at the end of the cholecystectomy as compared to the beginning, regardless of the type of the procedure. IL-6 growth during open cholecystectomy was greater compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (62.51-fold vs. 3.19-fold). IL-6 concentration did not correlate with HMGB1 and HSP70, which indicate that the significant growth of this cytokine was not related to mechanical tissue damage due to surgical procedure. A clinical significance of the study could be related to the fact that the evaluation of IL-6 concentration in peritoneal lavage fluid may be useful to assess an early local inflammatory response.</jats:p>

The Concentration of Selected Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, CXCL5, IL-33) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (HMGB-1, HSP-70) Released in an Early Response to Distal Forearm Fracture and the Performed Closed Reduction With Kirschner Wire Fixation in Children

“…( 24 ). These suggestions are in line with our previous results showing that during open cholecystectomy HMGB-1 concentration is almost the same at the beginning as at the end of the procedure ( 19 ).…”

“…It may also result from the late response of this DAMP protein to the injury, as postulated by Wang et al (24). These suggestions are in line with our previous results showing that during open cholecystectomy HMGB-1 concentration is almost the same at the beginning as at the end of the procedure (19).…”

“…study. It should be noted that our previous study, conducted in peritoneal lavage fluid of children undergoing laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy, also showed a strong, positive correlation between IL-6 and length of operation ( 19 ). In the current study, we did not observe IL-8 concentration growth 12-14 hours after the CRKF procedure compared to plasma samples obtained 30 min.…”

IL-6 Quotient (The Ratio of Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-6 to Serum IL-6) as a Biomarker of an Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm

“…Taking into account the role of IL-6 in driving inflammation, 29 we may hypothesize its role in intracranial aneurysm formation. In this regard, IL-6 may be essential, as it enhances the inflammatory process within the vascular endothelium and the synthesis of molecules involved in the formation of brain aneurysms 21,[30][31][32][33][34] (Figure 7). Since the disturbances in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) may affect final protein concentration in the CSF, 25 we also analyzed IL-6 levels depending on the condition of the above-mentioned barriers.…”

The “Dark Side” of Pneumoperitoneum and Laparoscopy

“…To date, there are few available studies investigating the relation between pneumoperitoneum features and inflammatory response in human 2 Minimally Invasive Surgery models. Some evidence highlights lower cytokine release, stress-hormone levels, and plasma inflammatory markers after laparoscopy compared to laparotomy in both adults and children [31,32]. erefore, we need more studies to confirm the experimental findings about pneumoperitoneum influence in human inflammatory response.…”