Intraoperative ultrasound

Abstract

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) can provide various diagnostic information that is otherwise not available, and can guide or assist various surgical procedures in real time. With refinement of equipment, IOUS is currently used in a wide variety of surgical operations,such as hepatobiliary, pancreatic, endocrine, cardiovascular,and neurologic surgery. Our overview of IOUS, including instrumentation,techniques, indications, advantages, disadvantages,and future perspective, is described in this article. Being safe, quick, accurate, and versatile intraoperatively, IOUS is a valuable technique that surgeons are recommended to master to improve intraoperative decision making and surgical procedures.

Ultrasound-guided liver resection: Early experience in a district general hospital

“…IOUS is an essential support in the various intraoperative stages of liver surgery [1]. In our study, 21% of hepatic lesions were identified intraoperatively and in all such cases preoperative surgical strategy was modified.…”

“…Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) is the gold standard for staging in primary and secondary metastatic liver tumors [1]. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) IOUS allows detection of new lesions in 7% of cases at the primary hepatectomy and in 7.3% at the secondary hepatectomy [2].…”

Intraoperative abdominal ultrasound in oncologic imaging

“…The entire examination is performed with strict observation of standard sterile technique, and the radiologist scrubs and gowns for the exam. There are different options for transducer sterilization [1,5,8] . Ethylene oxide gas with hightemperature aeration of both transducer probe and cord.…”

“…Most vendors do not recommend it due to potential damage to the equipment. Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization techniques use low temperature, and are considered safe for use with heat sensitive equipment [1,8] . The turn-around time is about 2 h, enabling use of the probe for more procedures per day.…”

“…Ultrasound was first used intraoperatively in abdominal imaging in 1979 for the evaluation of biliary calculi [1] . Acceptance of this new modality by the surgical community was slow despite clear reports of its potential benefits and applications.…”