Intrapulpal Temperature during Preparation with the Er:YAG Laser Compared to the Conventional Burr: An <i>in Vitro</i> Study

Glöckner, Karl; Rumpler, J.; Ebeleseder, K. A.; Städtler, P

doi:10.1089/clm.1998.16.153

Cited by 84 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Some Er:YAG laser beams could penetrate to deeper areas than the ablated area and damage the nerve fi bres and terminals, which might be a mecha nism of pain reduction in cavity ablation with the Er:YAG laser. 1 A number of authors 10,13,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23] stud ied the behaviour of different lasers to determine the amount of temperature increase during cavity preparation on dental structure. Keller et al (2003) 19 verified a mean temperature rise of 1.68ºC in the pulpal chamber using CO 2 and morphologically unaltered dentine surfaces, demonstrat ing the safe and tissue preserving char acter of the laser.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors stated that the elevation meas ured in the pulp chamber during lasing with various energies and pulse rates was low and did not exceed the critical value of 5.5ºC. 5 There are few reports 14,20,24 compar ing the intrapulpal temperature rise during tooth preparation with Er: YAG laser and conventional burs with confl icting fi ndings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in relation to the use of Er:YAG laser or diamond burs for preparation Glockner et al (1998) 20 14 stated that both the high-speed and laser instruments generated similar heat increases under water cooling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature rise in cavities prepared by high and low torque handpieces and Er:YAG laser

et al. 2008

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• In this study low and high torque handpieces and Er:YAG laser did not promote an increase in intrapulpal temperature higher than 5ºC.• Even the high torque handpiece did not promote a statistically signifi cant high temperature increase.• The Er:YAG laser generated a lower temperature rise. This fact denotes the possible advantage of Er:YAG laser compared to the conventional handpieces. I N B R I E F RESEARCHObjective The aim of this study was to compare intrapulpal temperature increases produced by a high-speed high-torque (speed-increasing) handpiece, a high-speed low-torque handpiece (air-turbine) and an Er:YAG (Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet) laser. Subject and methods Thirty bovine incisors were reduced to a dentine thickness of 2.0 mm. Class V preparations were prepared to a depth of 1.5 mm, measured with a caliper or by a mark on the burs. A thermocouple was placed inside the pulp chamber to determine temperature increases (°C). Analysis was performed on the following groups (n = 10) treated with: G1, low-torque handpiece; G2, high-torque handpiece; and G3, Er:YAG laser (2.94 µm at 250 mJ/4 Hz), all with water cooling. The temperature increases were recorded with a computer linked to the thermocouples. Results The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical test. The average temperature rises were: 1.92±0.80ºC for G1, 1.34±0.86ºC for G2, and 0.75±0.39ºC for G3. There were significant statistical differences among the groups (p = 0.095). All the groups tested did not have a change of temperature that exceeds the threshold of 5.5 o C. Conclusion Temperature response to the low and high torque handpieces seemed to be similar, however the Er:YAG laser generated a lower temperature rise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature rise in cavities prepared by high and low torque handpieces and Er:YAG laser

et al. 2008

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“…3,12 Over this period, a number of problems have emerged with regard to the efficiency with which the laser cuts enamel and dentin. 17 Most attempts to increase the output energy of the laser have been motivated by the need for improved ablation efficiency, [18][19][20][21] but little is known about the effects of variable irradiation conditions on ablation efficiency. Therefore, we assessed the effects of output power, output energy, and pulse repetition rate on the amount and depth of ablation of dentin to identify the clinically optimal ablation conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Output Energy and Pulse Repetition Rate of the Er:YAG Laser on Dentin Ablation

Igarashi

Kato²,

Takase³

et al. 2008

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: We sought to improve the efficiency of dentin ablation with the Er:YAG laser by investigating the effects of output energy and pulse repetition rate on ablation. Background Data: The Er:YAG laser is superior to other lasers in ablating dental hard tissues. However, the factors affecting the efficiency of ablation with an Er:YAG laser remain unclear. Methods: Fifty bovine root dentin plates were irradiated with an Er:YAG laser at an output power of 1.0 W, 1.5 W, or 2.0 W under a water spray while moving the plate at 1 mm/sec. After irradiation, the depth and volume of each ablated site were measured by laser microscopy and the ablated surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The output power showed a strong positive correlation with the depth and volume of ablation. The output energy had much more pronounced effects on the depth and volume of ablation compared to the pulse repetition rate. The shape of the ablated site varied with the output power, and no cracking or vitrification was observed under the irradiated dentin. The most effective parameters for dentin ablation were an output power of 2.0 W, with an output energy of 80 mJ/pulse at 25 pulses per second (pps) or 100 mJ/pulse at 20 pps. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the output energy is the main factor affecting the efficiency of dentin ablation with an Er:YAG laser. We propose that the efficiency of dentin ablation can be improved by choosing an optimal combination of output energy and repetition rate. 189

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“…Increased pulpal temperature, during erbium laser cavity preparation, has been shown to be equivalent to a high-speed dental turbine with water spray [11]. In fact, some research has shown a reduction in pulpal temperature with the Er:YAG preparation when compared to conventional burrs [12]. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser is a free-running pulsed (FRP) laser system which delivers energy in the mid-infrared spectrum, through a fiber-optic trunk fiber with contra-angle handpiece (HP) that resembles a high-speed drill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of possible predictors for pain perception with class 1–5 cavity preparations using Er,Cr:YSGG laser: a retrospective clinical in vivo study

Polonsky¹,

Gutknecht²,

Franzen

2017

Laser Dent Sci

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Aim The study recorded 400 responses from 301 patients, aged 6-93, who all had carious lesions prepared with the erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) 2780-nm laser system. Different parameters, including gender, delivery method, power settings, tooth position, class type of cavity preparation, and patients' age, were compared and analyzed for possible predictive values in anticipating the patients' pain experience. Methods Class 1-5 cavity preparations were made using the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. All carious lesions fit ICDAS code 4-5 classifications. Power setting of 3.75 W was used for posterior teeth class 1-4 preparations and 2.5 W for all primary teeth, permanent anterior teeth, and all class 5 preparations. Nonanxious patients, who agreed to start cavity preparation without a local anesthetic, were instructed to stop the procedure and ask for an anesthetic injection, should they perceive a level of pain greater than their tolerance level. Anxious patients were not included in this study. Pain perception using the visual analog scale (VAS) along with the percentage of patients who needed a local anesthesia injection were recorded. The data was then analyzed using one-way ANOVA test, at significance level of α = 0.05, and Tukey pair-wise comparison, at 95% confidence interval. Results Eighty-five percent of cavity preparations were pain free; 15% of the preparations were found to have a degree of pain associated with them. However, only 6% requested a local anesthetic injection. There was no significant difference found between the two methods of delivery: gold handpiece (HP) vs. turbo HP. No significant differences were observed between males and females, regarding pain perception (13% vs. 18%, respectively). Posterior teeth were significantly more sensitive to laser cavity preparation, compared to anterior teeth, as indicated by the VAS pain scores (P value = 0.0001). Regarding anterior teeth, class 5 was significantly more sensitive to laser cavity preparations, when compared to class 1. In posterior teeth, there were no statistically significant differences between class 1 and 5, although pain perception was the most prevalent in class 2 preparations. Using higher-power settings (3.75 W vs. 2.5 W) for cavity preparation, the resulting pain response was significantly higher, as indicated by the VAS pain scores (P value = 0.0001). As the patients' age increases, the frequency of those experiencing pain decreases, with the exception of a sudden spike for the cohort aged 26-35, who proved to be the most sensitive to laser cavity preparation; this group was significantly different from all other age groups (P value = 0.0001). Conclusions The Er,Cr:YSGG laser system is an effective method for pain-free cavity preparations for 85% of the general patient population, who do not suffer from dental anxiety. Certain patient selection criteria, including age, power settings, and class type of cavity preparation, are important in achieving an overall positive and pain-free expedience.

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Intrapulpal Temperature during Preparation with the Er:YAG Laser Compared to the Conventional Burr: An in Vitro Study

Cited by 84 publications

References 4 publications

Temperature rise in cavities prepared by high and low torque handpieces and Er:YAG laser

Temperature rise in cavities prepared by high and low torque handpieces and Er:YAG laser

Influence of Output Energy and Pulse Repetition Rate of the Er:YAG Laser on Dentin Ablation

Review of possible predictors for pain perception with class 1–5 cavity preparations using Er,Cr:YSGG laser: a retrospective clinical in vivo study

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