Intrathoracic Acute Cholecystitis

Ennis, Giovana; Venade, Gabriela; Marques, Joana; Batista, Pereira Maria Izabel; Nunes, Ana Abreu; Constantino, J.; Matos, Luís Costa

doi:10.12890/2020_001764

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In type 4, poor gallbladder mesenteric attachment may occur, as in cases of liver atrophy or cirrhosis, peritoneal fat loss secondary to aging, and weight loss [7,13,20,21]. These abnormal attachments predispose the gallbladder to torsion, herniation, strangulation, and increased stone formation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Floating Gallbladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kim et al [5] reviewed fourteen cases and reported only four cases of gallbladder herniation with GBV; the remaining ten cases had gallbladder herniation with acute cholecystitis. Floating gallbladder may herniate into anterior abdominal wall defects [25,[27][28][29][30][31][32], most commonly parastomal gallbladder herniation [29]. Unusual gallbladder herniations are also reported in the literature.…”

Section: Gallbladder Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, [31] reported a case of Spigelian gallbladder hernia, [27] reported a case of inguinal gallbladder hernia, and [28] reported a case of femoral gallbladder hernia. Another possible gallbladder hernia Gallbladder Position Anomalies: Clinical Impacts and Management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001919 is to the thorax [32]. Almost all gallbladder hernias are diagnosed intraoperatively.…”

Section: Gallbladder Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female gender and old age are sole risk factors. The complications of gallbladder herniation include gallbladder torsion, cholecystitis, Mirizzi syndrome, incarceration, and ischemia [27][28][29][30][31][32]43].…”

Section: Gallbladder Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder Position Anomalies: Clinical Impacts and Management

Redwan

2023

Gallbladder - Anatomy, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

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Gallbladder position anomalies are rare. Normally, the gallbladder is located at the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver between segments IV and V, covered by the peritoneum, and attached to the liver by its mesentery in the gall bladder fossa. Any position other than this is defined as a gallbladder position anomaly. Gallbladder ectopia variants may include floating, intrahepatic, retroperitoneal, and left-sided gallbladder, among others. According to some literature, floating gallbladder is the most common among these anomalies, occurring in 4.6% of population; however, there is no clear and adequate data on incidence and variants of gallbladder position anomalies. Because of their rare occurrence and lack of specific clinical and imaging features, their possible presence and clinical sequelae are not usually considered in clinical practice. This results in delayed diagnosis and treatment of sequelae, such as in gallbladder volvulus (GBV). Similarly, gallbladder position and associated biliary tree and vascular anomalies should be identified during the preoperative period. Failing to do this may have devastating outcomes. Though clinical impacts and management of gallbladder position anomalies are explained in some literature, they are not well covered by most of the currently available surgical books. To fill this gap, this chapter discusses the embryology, variants, prevalence, clinical impacts, and management of ectopic gallbladder as well as ways to increase the rate of preoperative diagnosis and methods to decrease adverse outcomes and morbidity.

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Section: Floating Gallbladdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gallbladder Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gallbladder Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gallbladder Herniationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder Position Anomalies: Clinical Impacts and Management

Redwan

2023

Gallbladder - Anatomy, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

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Intra-thoracic Symptomatic Gallstones in a Right-Sided Post-traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Report

Soomro¹,

Hassan²,

Nazir³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Herniation of abdominal contents through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity can occur after blunt abdominal injury, resulting in a permanently acquired diaphragmatic hernia. Their clinical presentation is varied and non-specific, which can go unnoticed for a long duration.A 27-year-old male presented with right upper quadrant pain and right-sided pleuritic chest pain for the past 20 days. His past medical history included high-impact blunt trauma a few years back. His workup revealed a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia through which the gallbladder had herniated into the thoracic cavity, along with liver and hepatic flexure of the colon. The gallbladder contained gallstones which were the cause of his symptoms. The patient was managed successfully with a laparotomy and repair of the diaphragmatic hernia and cholecystectomy.After blunt abdominal trauma, right-sided diaphragmatic injury is less common because most of the trauma is absorbed by the liver, providing a protective effect. The sign and symptoms of acquired diaphragmatic hernia lack sensitivity and specificity, due to which many cases remain undiagnosed and are incidentally picked up on chest auscultation where bowel sounds are audible in the chest, and breath sounds on the affected side are absent, whereas patients have complaints of respiratory difficulty and recurrent pneumonia. Chest and abdominal imagining in the form of chest X-rays and abdominal ultrasound can help diagnose.The case we present was a unique presentation of acquired right-sided diaphragmatic hernia resulting in herniation of the gallbladder in the right-sided chest and leading to acute cholecystitis. The treatment modality is surgical repair of the diaphragm. Any patient presenting with unusual symptoms of pneumonia or abdominal pain should be investigated, especially patients with a history of blunt abdominal trauma.

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Intrathoracic Acute Cholecystitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Gallbladder Position Anomalies: Clinical Impacts and Management

Gallbladder Position Anomalies: Clinical Impacts and Management

Intra-thoracic Symptomatic Gallstones in a Right-Sided Post-traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Case Report

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