2004
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-003-0767-9
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Intravitreal vancomycin and amikacin versus intravenous imipenem in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis

Abstract: IO therapy with VA/AN proved more effective in treating experimental S. aureus endophthalmitis than did IV therapy with IPM alone. IV+IO treatment was not superior to IO treatment alone.

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Cited by 23 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…21 Gram-negative coverage is also important. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Our recommendation for initial empirical therapy is intravitreal injection of vancomycin 1.0 mg/0.1 ml and ceftazidime 2.25 mg/0.1 ml. In one study, sensitivities of Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin and Gram-negative bacteria to ceftazidime remain at 99 and 100%, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…21 Gram-negative coverage is also important. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Our recommendation for initial empirical therapy is intravitreal injection of vancomycin 1.0 mg/0.1 ml and ceftazidime 2.25 mg/0.1 ml. In one study, sensitivities of Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin and Gram-negative bacteria to ceftazidime remain at 99 and 100%, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whether vitrectomy or vitreous tapping is done postoperatively, the endophthalmitis is always treated with intravitreal antibiotics [2][3][4][5] . The main therapeutic problem is the insufficient intravitreal concentration [2,14,15] of those agents. It is likely that the intravitreal route of treatment administration seems more efficient since it results in pathogen eradication [2] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several antimicrobial agents (vancomycin [13,14] , quinolones [3,9] , cefazolin [1,2,14] etc.) have been administered systemically, topically or subconjunctivally [5] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although vitreous samples and culture results are needed to diagnose the specific causative agent, broad-spectrum antibiotic combinations against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms are used in immediate treatment. Controversy still remains for the effectiveness of intravenous antibiotic treatment in endophthalmitis; intravitreal injection of antibiotics is accepted as the standard therapy because intravitreal application provides immediate and high local concentrations of the drugs (Donahue et al, 1994;Engelbert et al, 2004;Han et al, 1996;Lim and Campochiaro, 1992;Peyman et al, 1994;Yoder et al, 2004).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Because of these hazardous effects of aminoglycosides, new antibacterial agents (clindamycin, quinolone derivatives, cephalosporins, etc.) were developed and used to avoid endophthalmitis (Engelbert et al, 2004;Fukuda et al, 1989;Hui et al, 2004;Jay et al, 1987;Kawasaki et al, 1990;Miller et al, 2004;Mochizuki et al, 1991). After that, ceftazidime has been investigated for its use against Gram-negative infections and for its toxic effects in intravitreal injections.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%