Introducing MACEDA: New micro-data on an indigenous self-determination conflict

Abstract

This article introduces MACEDA, a micro-level dataset on the self-determination (SD) conflict between the Chilean state and the indigenous Mapuche. Although SD disputes are one of the most common conflicts in the world, and indigenous movements represent about 40% of all SD movements, this is the first micro-dataset focused on an indigenous SD conflict. MACEDA covers the period 1990–2016, including more than 2,600 events collected from local media. As indigenous conflicts are much less violent in terms of casualties, we take a flexible definition of conflict, based on its constituent events, and we discuss the comparability and generalization of our approach. To illustrate the usefulness of these micro-data in the analysis of conflict-related theories, we present a descriptive empirical analysis on the strategies of indigenous resistance, and we discuss how the data can be used in the causal analysis of conflicts.

Chile 2022: From Great Expectations to Rising Pessimism

“…The so-called "Mapuche conflict" 3 , which involves police officers, landowners, logging private security forces and indigenous rebels, has not only expanded geographically but also became more frequent and lethal. Between 2000 and 2021, a total of 2,622 violent and disruptive events were reported in the South Macrozone 4 , with almost three-quarters of these incidents and 27 fatalities occurred from 2011 to 2021 (Cayul et al 2022). the geographical distribution of these events across seven provinces within the four regions involved.…”

“…This measure included imposing movement restrictions and deploying military troops. Source: Author's own graphic based on Cayul et al (2022).…”

“…In the Chilean context, this has resulted in the emergence of several splinter insurgency groups, such as the WAM (Weichan Auka Mapu), RMM (Resistencia Mapuche Malleco) and LNM (Liberación Nacional Mapuche). These groups, in addition to radicalizing territorial autonomy demands, have also expanded their repertoires and targets of attacks (Cayul et al 2022). Given that the defeat of the new constitution left demands for indigenous cultural recognition and restoration of ancestral lands still unaddressed, these groups may find a political support and gain prominence among the indigenous population, as the Chilean state maintains its perceived policy of exclusion.…”

Consulta Araucanía: el uso oportunista de los mecanismos de democracia directa

“…La historia de la región de la Araucanía está marcada por el conflicto entre el Estado chileno y el pueblo mapuche. Cayul et al (2022) presenta la primera base de datos armonizada sobre eventos de conflicto, MACEDA, recopilados a partir de información de medios de prensa nacionales. Un evento se define como un conjunto determinado de acciones que ocurren en el contexto de conflicto, en un momento y lugar determinado.…”

Minusvaloración y potencialidad educativa de un hecho histórico “pintoresco”: El Rey de la Araucanía, Orelie-Antoine de Tounens, en los textos escolares de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, entre los años de 1981 y 2022

“…Por ejemplo, fue en el año 2003 que el Estado chileno reconoció -mediante el informe de la Comisión de Nuevo Trato-la falta de consideración hacia las demandas de autodeterminación indígena(Chile, 2008). Además, la muerte del estudiante universitario mapuche, Matías Catrileo, en el año 2008, y del comunero Camilo Catrillanca, en el año 2018, en medio de operativos policiales de dudosa reputación, gatillaron una ola de protestas en contra del Estado y en favor del pueblo mapuche que, se podría decir, continúan hasta hoy(Cayul, Corvalán, Jaimovich, y Pazzona, 2022). No se consideró en este estudio a la década de 1990 por…”