Introduction: Mediterranean Climate—Background Information

Lionello, Piero; Abrantes, Fatima F; Congedi, Letizia; Dulac, François; Gacic, Miro; Gomis, Damià; Goodess, C. M.; Hoff, Holger; Kutiel, H.; Luterbacher, Jürg; Planton, Serge; Reale, Marco; Schröder, K.; Struglia, Maria Vittoria; Toreti, Andrea; Tsimplis, Michael; Ulbrich, Uwe; Xoplaki, Elena

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416042-2.00012-4

Cited by 82 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Under the influence of the well‐evidenced global warming, a changing in the precipitation patterns is expected and extreme weather events are predicted to be more frequent in many places over the world including the Mediterranean region (MR; Polade et al ., ; Lionello and Scarascia, ). Climate analysis for the MR as a whole is difficult due to the spatial complexity of this region in addition to the dynamical and physical atmospheric processes complexities observed in this region (Lionello et al ., ; Michaelides et al ., ). The climate across the MR exhibits intricate spatial and temporal characteristics associated with high inter‐annual and seasonal variability (Hatzianastassiou et al ., ; Deitch et al ., ) which relates to the interaction between topography and large‐scale atmospheric circulation (Nojarov, ; Taibi et al ., ) causing spatial variation in hydrologic patterns (Cid et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variability of daily precipitation concentration and its relationship to teleconnection patterns over the Mediterranean during 1975–2015

Mathbout

López-Bustins

Royé

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study has addressed the spatiotemporal distribution of the daily rainfall concentration and its relation to the teleconnection patterns across the Mediterranean (MR). Daily concentration index (CI) and the ordered n index ( nor) are used at annual time scale to reveal the statistical structure of precipitation across the MR based on 233 daily rainfall series for the period 1975–2015. Eight teleconnection patterns, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Mediterranean Oscillation (MO), Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO), Upper‐Level Mediterranean Oscillation index (ULMO), East Atlantic (EA) pattern, East Atlantic/West Russia (EATL/WRUS) pattern, Scandinavia (SCAND) pattern and Southern Oscillation (SO) at annual time scale are selected. The spatiotemporal patterns in precipitation concentration indices, annual precipitation and their teleconnections with previous large‐scale circulations are investigated. Results show a strong connection between the CI and the nor (r = 0.70, p < .05) which present the same relative areas of high and low concentration. The annual values range from 0.57 to 0.70 for CI and 0.49 to 0.71 for nor index which show a high daily precipitation concentration across the MR. Trend analysis demonstrated mostly significant increasing trends for both indices. This increase is mainly found in south France, northern coastlands of the Iberian Peninsula (IP), Greece and Tunisia. An inverse relationship between the number of rainy days and concentration indices is evident. Both of WeMO and MO can play an important role in modulating rainfall in the northwest Mediterranean. The positive EATL/WRUS phase is mainly connected with positive precipitation mean anomalies in the eastern Mediterranean and vice versa in the west. The high daily precipitation concentration values over south France, northeast Spain, Croatia and Tunisia are linked to the low values of WeMO and high values of EA. These results could pave the way for new possibilities regarding the projection of precipitation concentration and precipitation irregularity in downscaling techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variability of daily precipitation concentration and its relationship to teleconnection patterns over the Mediterranean during 1975–2015

Mathbout

López-Bustins

Royé

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Sirocco blows north-westerly over the Adriatic where the channelling effect caused by the local orography intensifies the flow. Bora blows north-easterly over the Adriatic and the Aegean [103]. The Etesian winds are persistent northerly winds blowing during the summer over the Aegean Sea; their strength is affected by the tropospheric dynamics over the Eastern Mediterranean [104].…”

Section: Wind and Wave Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the limited fetch, measurements with moored buoys in the Mediterranean as well as numerical modelling results reveal the existence of sea states with significant wave height of the order of 5-7 m, or even up to 10-11 m in the case of very extreme storms. In the Gulf of Lion, 70% of the waves have a wave height greater than 1 m, while 20% have a wave height above 2.5 m (southeast of this zone) [103]. The mean annual wave climate of the MS, in terms of significant wave height-mean wave direction and energy period (defined as T e ≡ T −10 = m −1 /m 0 , where m −1 and m 0 are the −1 and zero-th order wave spectral moments, respectively) is provided in Figure 7.…”

Section: Wind and Wave Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, an extended overview of the marine renewable energy in the Mediterranean Sea is provided as regards current status, potential problems, challenges, and perspectives of development. An integrated and holistic approach is necessary for the economic viability and sustainability of marine renewable energy projects; this approach comprises three different frameworks, not always aligned, i.e., geotechnical/engineering, socio-economic, and environmental/ ecological frameworks. In this context, the geomorphological, climatological, socio-economic, and environmental/ecological particularities of the Mediterranean basin are discussed, as they constitute key issues of the spatial context in which marine renewable energy projects are to be implemented. General guidelines for the sustainable development of marine renewable energy in the Mediterranean are also provided.Keywords: marine renewable energy; ocean energy; offshore wind energy; marine spatial planning; Mediterranean Sea; roadmap for marine energy development Key TopicsThe main topics that this paper deals with, can be summarized as follows: •Global status of the different types of marine renewable energy (MRE), i.e., offshore wind, wave, tidal, thermal, and salinity gradients energy conversion:

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“…In brief, these studies report AOD values in the range 0.1-0.5, 0.3-1.8 and 0.3-0.8 in the spectral range of 440 to 550 nm for pollution, dust and smoke particles, respectively. In addition to analyses of local sun-photometer observations, several studies have used long time series of satellite-derived AOD at regional scales from Meteosat (Moulin et al, 1998), SeaWiFs (Antoine and Nobileau, 2006), the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (Barnaba and Gobbi, 2004;Papadimas et al, 2008Papadimas et al, , 2009Nabat et al, 2012), the combination of MODIS and TOMS , MSG/SEVIRI (Lionello et al, 2012), or even all products (Nabat et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption properties of Mediterranean aerosols obtained from multi-year ground-based remote sensing observations

Mallet

Dubovik

Nabat³

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

114

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Aerosol absorption properties are of high importance to assess aerosol impact on regional climate. This study presents an analysis of aerosol absorption products obtained over the Mediterranean basin or land stations in the region from multi-year ground-based AERONET observations with a focus on the Absorbing Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD), Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) and their spectral dependence. The AAOD and Absorption Angström Exponent (AAE) dataset is composed of daily averaged AERONET level 2 data from a total of 22 Mediterranean stations having long time series, mainly under the influence of urban-industrial aerosols and/or soil dust. This dataset covers the 17-yr period 1996–2012 with most data being from 2003–2011 (~89% of level-2 AAOD data). Since AERONET level-2 absorption products require a high aerosol load (AOD at 440 nm > 0.4), which is most often related to the presence of desert dust, we also consider level-1.5 SSA data, despite their higher uncertainty, and filter out data with an Angström exponent < 1.0 in order to study absorption by carbonaceous aerosols. The SSA dataset includes AERONET level-2 products. Sun-photometer observations show that values of AAOD at 440 nm vary between 0.024 ± 0.01 (resp. 0.040 ± 0.01) and 0.050 ± 0.01 (0.055 ± 0.01) for urban (dusty) sites. Analysis shows that the Mediterranean urban-industrial aerosols appear "moderately" absorbing with values of SSA close to ~0.94–0.95 ± 0.04 (at 440 nm) in most cases except over the large cities of Rome and Athens, where aerosol appears more absorbing (SSA ~0.89–0.90 ± 0.04). The aerosol Absorption Angström Exponent (AAE, estimated using 440 and 870 nm) is found to be larger than 1 for most sites over the Mediterranean, a manifestation of mineral dust (iron) and/or brown carbon producing the observed absorption. AERONET level-2 sun-photometer data indicate a possible East-West gradient, with higher values over the eastern basin (AAE_East = 1.39/AAE_West = 1.33). The North-South AAE gradient is more pronounced, especially over the western basin. Our additional analysis of AERONET level-1.5 data also shows that organic absorbing aerosols significantly affect some Mediterranean sites. These results indicate that current climate models treating organics as nonabsorbing over the Mediterranean certainly underestimate the warming effect due to carbonaceous aerosols

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Introduction: Mediterranean Climate—Background Information

Cited by 82 publications

References 134 publications

Spatiotemporal variability of daily precipitation concentration and its relationship to teleconnection patterns over the Mediterranean during 1975–2015

Spatiotemporal variability of daily precipitation concentration and its relationship to teleconnection patterns over the Mediterranean during 1975–2015

Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives

Absorption properties of Mediterranean aerosols obtained from multi-year ground-based remote sensing observations

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