“…A number of semiconductors, namely metal oxides, 30 metal sulfides, 35–37 metal phosphides, 38,39 transition metal dichalcogenides, 40 transition metal oxyhydroxides, 41 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), 42–44 carbon-based semiconductors, 45–47 metal-free organic semiconductors like g-C 3 N 4 , 48–50 resins, 51–58 covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), 59 covalent organic frameworks (COFs), 60,61 covalent heptazine frameworks (CHFs) 62 and Bi-containing semiconductors, 63–65 have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production. Despite significant research, the field still faces challenges such as low photoconversion efficiency and rapid e − /h + pair recombination, which limit its practical applications.…”