Introduction to Cationic Surfactants

Cross, John

doi:10.1201/9780429270376-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, DADMACs, serving as antistatic agents, are integrated extensively into textile items, especially in cinemas, including carpets, drapes, and seating materials. 20 As ATMACs with long alkyl chains were widely used in personal care products (e.g., hair care products), 67 higher median concentrations of C20-and C22-ATMACs (0.603 and 0.981 μg/g, respectively) were detected in homes than in other microenvironments (<MDL to 0.0932 μg/g and 0.132−0.733 μg/g, respectively).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

Cheng,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Despite their ubiquitous use, information regarding the presence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in various microenvironments remains scarce and only a small subset of QACs has been monitored using targeted chemical analysis. In this study, a total of 111 dust samples were collected from homes and various public settings in South China during the COVID-19 pandemic and were analyzed for traditional and emerging QACs using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The total traditional QAC concentrations in residential dust (∑ traditional QAC, sum of 18 traditional QACs) ranged from 13.8 to 150 μg/g with a median concentration of 42.2 μg/g. Twenty-eight emerging QACs were identified in these samples, and the composition of ∑ emerging QAC (sum of emerging QACs) to ∑QAC (sum of traditional and emerging QACs) ranged from 19 to 42% across various microenvironments, indicating the widespread existence of emerging QACs in indoor environments. Additionally, dust samples from cinemas exhibited higher ∑QAC concentrations compared to homes (medians 65.9 μg/g vs 58.3 μg/g, respectively), indicating heavier emission sources of QACs in these places. Interestingly, significantly higher ∑QAC concentrations were observed in dust from the rooms with carpets than those without (medians 65.6 μg/g vs 32.6 μg/g, p < 0.05, respectively). Overall, this study sheds light on the ubiquitous occurrence of QACs in indoor environments in South China.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

Cheng,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Nonetheless, MAE/LDPE has a decreased T 5% in contrast to LDPE despite the long carbon chains of di(HT)dimethylammonium. This phenomenon may be due to the presence of low molecular organic impurities in di(HT)dimethyl‐ammonium, which led to a lowered initial thermal degradation temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorohectorite/LDPE nanocomposites: The role of organomodifiers and compatibilizer

Pépin

Bébin

et al. 2018

Can J Chem Eng

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Organo‐fluorohectorites were either obtained commercially or synthesized by reacting unmodified fluorohectorite with ammonium salts. Modified and unmodified fluorohectorites were incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) with or without maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Although clay aggregates were observed for all blends, the existence of an intercalated and exfoliated clay structure was confirmed according to morphological observations. Different types of cationic organomodifier were comparatively studied. It was found that alkyl chain length and amount of organomodifier were two factors influencing the dispersion state of fluorohectorites. Nanocomposites containing well‐dispersed fluorohectorites showed superior mechanical and barrier properties as compared to their counterparts. The presence of MAPE exhibited beneficial effects on the mechanical properties of the fluorohectorite/LDPE system, whereas the water vapour barrier property was adversely affected.

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“…In contrast, the microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic fish have polymer types of PE, Vestamid, Cellophane, and EPDM Rubber. In addition to polymers, FTIR analysis results have identified polymer additives, namely Ethoxylated stearyl amine, used as fabric softeners (Cross & Singer, 2019).…”

Section: Microplastic Polymer Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics Found in The Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Marine Fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi – Indonesia

Aunurohim

2023

Squalen Bull. Marine Fisheries Postharvest Biotech.

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Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem that threatens food security, food safety, and human health since it has been reported to be found in commercial fish consumed by humans. Bitung, North Sulawesi, is one of the biggest contributors to capture fishery production in Indonesia. However, there is no data on microplastic pollution in commercial marine fish from Bitung. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the presence and identify the visual characteristics (color, shape, size) and the polymer type of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial marine fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi. The gastrointestinal tract was extracted using KOH 10%, and the microplastic was observed under a stereo microscope. A total of 753 microplastic particles were found in the gastrointestinal tract of 74 individuals (prevalence 99%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish. The average number of microplastic particles found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic fish (12,24 ± 2,43) is higher than in demersal fish (7,38 ± 3,48). The dominant color and shape of microplastic found in the gastrointestinal tract of the fish were black and fiber, respectively. At the same time, the dominant microplastic size found in the gastrointestinal tract of demersal fish was bigger (1,001-5,000 µm, 39,4%) compared to pelagic fish (150-500 µm, 47%). The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis result shows that microplastics of the same polymer type can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of both pelagic and demersal fish.

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Introduction to Cationic Surfactants

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) in Dust from Homes and Various Microenvironments in South China

Fluorohectorite/LDPE nanocomposites: The role of organomodifiers and compatibilizer

Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics Found in The Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Marine Fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi – Indonesia

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