Introduction to Heart Rate Variability

García, Constantino A.; Quintana, Abraham Otero; Vila, Xosé A.; Touriño, María José Lado; Rodríguez-Liñares, Leandro; Presedo, J.; Penín, Arturo José Méndez

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65355-6_1

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The general absence of significant direct associations in the current work may relate to previous findings, suggesting that hypoalgesia related to resting HRV is significantly reduced in individuals with CP 8,33,38 relative to healthy pain-free populations. 31 Limited work indicates that direct enhancement of HRV may be hypoalgesic in individuals free of CP 28,44 and with those suffering from conditions defined by autonomic imbalance/dysregulation 21,54,70 —a characteristic of CP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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The indirect impact of heart rate variability on cold pressor pain tolerance and intensity through psychological distress in individuals with chronic pain: the Tromsø Study

Paccione

Bruehl

Diep

et al. 2021

PR9

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Introduction: Chronic pain (CP) patients often display lower heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS), which are associated with increased evoked pain intensity and decreased pain tolerance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test whether the association between low levels of HRV and BRS and increased evoked pain responsiveness in individuals with CP is mediated by psychological distress and whether this mediation is sex dependent. Methods: The sample consisted of 877 participants in Wave 6 of the Tromsø population study who reported clinically meaningful CP. Resting HRV and BRS parameters were derived from continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure recordings. Psychological distress was assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10. After cardiovascular assessment, participants completed a 106-second cold pressor task (3°C bath), which assessed cold pressor pain intensity (CPI) and cold pressor pain tolerance (CPT). Results: In the full CP sample, mediation analyses showed significant indirect effects, without direct effects, of HRV and BRS on both CPT and CPI via psychological distress. When stratified by sex, significant indirect effects via psychological distress were only found in males for the impact of rMSSD on CPT, the impact of SDNN on CPT, and the impact of BRS on CPT via psychological distress. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that there were no significant sex differences in the indirect effects of HRV and BRS on both CPT and CPI via psychological distress. Conclusions: The hypoalgesic impact of cardiovascular regulatory systems on evoked pain responses is conveyed via the indirect effects of psychological distress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…All participant HRV data were processed using the RHRV module (version 4.0) within the R statistical package. 38 Continuous resting HRV data were recorded during a 30-second resting assessment period. rMSSD is a reliable HRV measure under ultrashort recording windows (≤1 minute) 16 and is not confounded by respiratory effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The indirect impact of heart rate variability on cold pressor pain tolerance and intensity through psychological distress in individuals with chronic pain: the Tromsø Study

Paccione

Bruehl

Diep

et al. 2021

PR9

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It then removes either the current or the previous data point that is further from the median HR of the dataset. Subsequently, pyMMER utilizes the R language package RHRV ( Martínez et al, 2017 ) to calculate HRV measures. If HR or HRV exceeds a predefined threshold, the RHRV package is unable to produce HRV measures, and such data are considered outliers in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Your blush gives you away: detecting hidden mental states with remote photoplethysmography and thermal imaging

Liu,

Zhong

et al. 2024

PeerJ Computer Science

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Multimodal emotion recognition techniques are increasingly essential for assessing mental states. Image-based methods, however, tend to focus predominantly on overt visual cues and often overlook subtler mental state changes. Psychophysiological research has demonstrated that heart rate (HR) and skin temperature are effective in detecting autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities, thereby revealing these subtle changes. However, traditional HR tools are generally more costly and less portable, while skin temperature analysis usually necessitates extensive manual processing. Advances in remote photoplethysmography (r-PPG) and automatic thermal region of interest (ROI) detection algorithms have been developed to address these issues, yet their accuracy in practical applications remains limited. This study aims to bridge this gap by integrating r-PPG with thermal imaging to enhance prediction performance. Ninety participants completed a 20-min questionnaire to induce cognitive stress, followed by watching a film aimed at eliciting moral elevation. The results demonstrate that the combination of r-PPG and thermal imaging effectively detects emotional shifts. Using r-PPG alone, the prediction accuracy was 77% for cognitive stress and 61% for moral elevation, as determined by a support vector machine (SVM). Thermal imaging alone achieved 79% accuracy for cognitive stress and 78% for moral elevation, utilizing a random forest (RF) algorithm. An early fusion strategy of these modalities significantly improved accuracies, achieving 87% for cognitive stress and 83% for moral elevation using RF. Further analysis, which utilized statistical metrics and explainable machine learning methods including SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), highlighted key features and clarified the relationship between cardiac responses and facial temperature variations. Notably, it was observed that cardiovascular features derived from r-PPG models had a more pronounced influence in data fusion, despite thermal imaging’s higher predictive accuracy in unimodal analysis.

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“…Smoothing priors were selected as detrending method ( λ 500) for IBI data. Kubios output was saved in the txt format for later automated readout of corrected inter-beat-intervals (IBIs) and analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in R [ 57 ]. IBIs corresponding to a mean HR < 30 or > 200 bpm were discarded and data were segmented in accordance with experimental conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered psychobiological reactivity but no impairment of emotion recognition following stress in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury

Koenig

Lischke

Bardtke

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Impairments in both stress regulation and emotion recognition have been associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Although it has been proposed that emotion recognition deficits particularly emerge during stress, this hypothesis has not been fully investigated. Adolescents with and without NSSI performed emotion recognition tasks before and after the employment of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The psychobiological stress response was captured with psychological self-reports (affect, stress and dissociation), physiological recordings (heart rate, HR, and heart rate variability, HRV) and endocrinological sampling of saliva (cortisol and alpha-amylase). Mixed-linear models were applied to analyze stress-induced changes in emotion recognition performance and respective stress response measures. The TSST elicited altered psychobiological stress responses in adolescents with NSSI: A more pronounced decrease in positive affect, a more pronounced increase in negative affect, a less pronounced increase in HR, a less pronounced decrease in HRV and a more pronounced increase in alpha-amylase throughout the stress induction than adolescents without NSSI. Stress responses (dissociation, negative affect, cortisol and HR) differed as a function of BPD severity on a continuum, illustrating greater reactivity on self-reports but decreased biological responsiveness in those with greater BPD severity. Stress induction had similar effects on emotion recognition in adolescents with and without NSSI. Recognition sensitivity and recognition speed equally increased, in the absence of any differences in recognition accuracy. In contrast to prominent propositions, psychosocial stress does not appear to account for impaired emotion recognition across the BPD spectrum.

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Introduction to Heart Rate Variability

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

The indirect impact of heart rate variability on cold pressor pain tolerance and intensity through psychological distress in individuals with chronic pain: the Tromsø Study

The indirect impact of heart rate variability on cold pressor pain tolerance and intensity through psychological distress in individuals with chronic pain: the Tromsø Study

Your blush gives you away: detecting hidden mental states with remote photoplethysmography and thermal imaging

Altered psychobiological reactivity but no impairment of emotion recognition following stress in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury

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