Introduction to Liquid Crystals

Abstract

In general, matter is broadly divided info three groups, %lids, Liquids and Gases. When solid is heated it First melts into liquid and on further heating moves to gaseous state. Some materials exhibit interesting intermediate between solid and fiquid called liquid crystals. Liquid crystals (ICs) ore defined as •condensed fluid phases With spontaneous anisotropy'. The simultaneous possession liquid like flu idity and solid like molecular Order character in c single phase is the unique character Of liquid crystals, it gives rise to so many interesting properties exploited by scientists and engineers in the application field. These interesting liquid crystaline materia Is have been Observed for Over a century but not recognized as such until 880s. In 1888, Friedrich ReiNtzer gave first Systemaic report of the phenomena and reported his observations when he prepared cholesteryl benzo-ate. This seminar paper appeared in Vol.9. (1888) Of furchemåe (Reinitzer 1888) and a translation into English has been published in (Reinitzer 1989) to celebrate the centenary Of the paper.

Technological advancements in bio‐recognition using liquid crystals: Techniques, applications, and performance

“…[ 3,4 ] The paradigm of LC research has now been shifted towards the field of bioscience from where its knowledge was first originated in cholesteryl benzoate. [ 5 ] LC phase comprising of agglomeration of non‐spherical molecules in mesophase manner resulted from the partial deviation of perfect positional and orientational order of the crystal lattice and acquiring fluidic behaviour of liquids. [ 6–9 ] They have been widely explored for the purpose of biosensing application but still not to the high end biosensing so that the final technology could be realized in the market.…”