Introduction to Special Issue – Understanding and conceptualizing European jihadists: Criminals, extremists or both?

Kupatadze, Alexander; Argomániz, Javier

doi:10.1177/1477370819829971

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For them, joining IS merely a shift to another form of deviant behaviour, next to membership of street gangs, rioting, drug trafficking and juvenile delinquency. But it adds a thrilling, larger-than-life dimension to their way of life – transforming them from delinquents without a future into mujahedeen with a cause.’ Other researchers have made similar observations (Ilan and Sandberg, 2019; Kupatadze and Argomaniz, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Gang members and extremists in Switzerland: Similarities and differences

Haymoz

Baier

Jacot

et al. 2021

European Journal of Criminology

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Scholars rarely compare youth gangs members and extremists. Yet, studies of gangs can yield relevant information on extremist groups, and vice versa. This article compares youth gang members with left-wing, right-wing and Islamist extremists. The aims of this article are to determine the prevalence of gang members and extremists among young people in Switzerland, to determine the overlap, if any, between gang members and extremists, and to analyse the differences and similarities of individual characteristics among the gang members and extremists, their delinquency and victimization. Comparisons of such groups may provide important insights into the individual members of these groups. The similarities between gang members and extremists could give us information for the prevention programmes. The study was based on a self-report survey completed by 8317 students of non-compulsory school age (about 17 years old) and living in Switzerland. The results show greater numbers of young people affiliated with gangs (6.6 percent) and left-wing extremism (6.2 percent), and more similarities between the members of gangs and left-wing extremists, compared with the other forms of extremism.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Gang members and extremists in Switzerland: Similarities and differences

Haymoz

Baier

Jacot

et al. 2021

European Journal of Criminology

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“…Alliances also permit transfer of skills and personnel, expanding the capabilities of groups. Ties forged among groups that engage in crime permit convergent milieus, whereby both criminal and terrorist groups draw from the same pool of recruits (Basra, Neumann, and Brunner 2016; Kupatadze and Argomaniz 2019). Territorial control expands opportunity by permitting the transport of resources inside insurgent-held territory (Asal, Rethemeyer, and Schoon 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Trafficking-Terrorism Nexus: When Violent Non-State Actors Engage in the Modern-Day Slavery

Avdan

Omelicheva

2021

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Why do some militant organizations participate in human trafficking? We investigate this question by introducing a new dataset that records insurgent organizations’ involvement in four types of human trafficking: sexual exploitation, forced recruitment, slavery, and kidnapping. Marrying our data to the BAAD2I population of insurgent organizations, we uncover the organizational attributes related to human trafficking. We find that groups with wide alliance networks and territorial control are more likely to commit human trafficking. Organizations that are losing command of the territory and suffering rank-and-file losses are also more likely to turn to human trafficking. Our study sheds theoretical light on insurgent groups’ involvement in crime. It also contributes to the empirical scholarship on sexual violence by violent groups by studying different forms of human trafficking in both conflict and non-conflict environments. Our paper presents an original dataset and empirical analysis of insurgent groups’ human trafficking patterns.

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“…The radicalization of street criminals in European cities and prisons is well documented (for example, Kupatadze and Argomaniz, 2019). Scholars warn about 'Europe's angry Muslims' who turn to Islam to make up for their sins and to pursue violence in the name of Allah (for example, Leiken, 2012).…”

Section: Introduction: Islamic Paths Out Of Street Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Muslim narratives of desistance among Norwegian street criminals: Stories of reconciliation, purification and exclusion

Linge

2021

European Journal of Criminology

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Stories about sin, regret and forgiveness are fundamental in Islam and other world religions. Islamic revivalism mediates a redemption narrative tailored to street criminals who want to break with the cycle of stigmatization, imprisonment and violence. Drawing on so-called conversion narratives, this article examines the repertoire of such stories among male street criminals in Norway who turn, or ‘return’, to Islam. I have identified three narrative types: reconciliation, purification and exclusion. I explore the content of these stories and the work they do for tellers and their audiences. Arguably, these narrative types represent forms of desistance that open up and restrict particular paths into Islam and out of street crime.

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Introduction to Special Issue – Understanding and conceptualizing European jihadists: Criminals, extremists or both?

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Gang members and extremists in Switzerland: Similarities and differences

Gang members and extremists in Switzerland: Similarities and differences

Human Trafficking-Terrorism Nexus: When Violent Non-State Actors Engage in the Modern-Day Slavery

Muslim narratives of desistance among Norwegian street criminals: Stories of reconciliation, purification and exclusion

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