Introduction to The Special Issue: Novel Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Challenges in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), present complex etiologies and pathologies. The lack of early detection is due to the absence of precise biomarkers [1][2][3]. The clinical management of these brain disorders has become more complex and challenging because the absence of precise novel biochemical drug targets has hindered discovery of new drugs [4][5][6]. One of the key issues is the increased incidence of neurodegenerative disorders in the world population, primarily due to an increase in life expectancy [4]. Despite an enormous upsurge in our understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways associated with cell death, the key molecular determinants to modulate these processes in human diseases is still not revealed, hindering the development of effective treatments and prevention avenues for aging and neurodegener-