Introduction to the Special Issue “Electromagnetic Waves Pollution”

Abstract

Modern technology has largely developed using energy forms of which the most relevant is surely electricity. Electric power stations generate alternate current at frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz, transmitted across high voltage transmission lines that are often located too near to buildings where humans live or work. In addition, home devices that work using alternate current expose humans to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, trams, electric trains, and some industrial processes generate static magnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields produce non-ionizing radiation, which gives rise to the so-called electromagnetic waves pollution, also named electrosmog. A large scientific production study showed harmful effects of exposure to EMFs. In view of these results, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection published international guidelines in order to recommend exposure limits to EMFs for occupational exposure and for general public exposure. The aim of this thematic issue is to give a further contribution to highlight the problem of electromagnetic waves pollution and to investigate the effects of exposure to EMFs on biological systems even below the EMF limits recommended by ICNIRP.

Effective Ecological and Cheap Heating of Dwelling Spaces

“…In the future, it would be useful to explore other ceramic-based materials filled with different ions, which would increase thermal conductivity while reducing diffusivity. The practical use of microwave devices is their safety [31][32][33]. The presented microwave reactor has been thoroughly tested for microwaves leakage.…”

“…We can see that the required electrical input decreases, suggesting that less electrical energy is required to maintain thermal comfort (22 °C), or in other words, the walls and furniture also contributed to the room heating. The practical use of microwave devices is their safety [31][32][33]. The presented microwave reactor has been thoroughly tested for microwaves leakage.…”

Absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding composite foam based on porous and bi-conductive network structures

“…Scholars have set off an upsurge in developing EMI shielding materials with excellent performance to resist defective electromagnetic (EM) waves in the environment. 1–6 Traditional metal materials are widely used to prepare high-performance EMI shielding materials due to their outstanding conductive performance, but their applications in integrated circuits, microelectronic devices and other fields are limited by their high density, easy corrosion and difficult processing. 7–12 Therefore, it is imperative to research and develop EMI shielding materials with light weight, easy processing and excellent mechanical properties.…”

Enhanced Electromagnetic-Wave Absorbing Performances and Corrosion Resistance via Tuning Ti Contents in FeCoNiCuTix High-Entropy Alloys

“…Electromagnetic radiation pollution, caused by massive usage of electronic devices in civil and military applications, has threatened human health and information security. − Electromagnetic-wave (EMW) absorbing materials, which could dissipate the EMW by transforming it into thermal energy, have caught extensive attention for EMW absorbing applications. − Some advanced EMW absorbers such as multilayer MXene materials, − hollow metal sulfide materials, − and carbon-based materials ,− have achieved the properties of high efficiency, lightweight, and low filler loading through microstructure design and component tailoring. However, EMW absorbents with excellent resistance against environmental attack are still rare but important for practical EMW absorbing applications.…”