Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig Earthquakes at the Pacific-North America Plate Boundary (British Columbia and Alaska)

James, Thomas S.; Cassidy, John F.; Rogers, Garry C.; Haeussler, Peter J.

doi:10.1785/0120150044

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On October 28, 2012, a M w 7.8 earthquake struck the west coast of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, which was the second largest instrumentally recorded event in Canada (Gomberg, 2013; Kao et al., 2015). As shown in Figure 1, this earthquake occurred on a thrust fault beneath the Queen Charlotte terrace (QCT), with nearly pure dip slip (Farahbod & Kao, 2015; Hobbs et al., 2015a; James et al., 2015; Kao et al., 2015). This previously unknown fault dips to the northeast, with a strike approximately parallel to the main plate boundary fault, the QCF (Lay et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the M w 7.5 strike‐slip event that occurred along the QCF offshore southeast Alaska on January 5, 2013, called the Craig earthquake (Figure 1a), was a strike‐slip event that ruptured on the QCF (Holtkamp & Ruppert, 2015; James et al., 2015). Based on Global Positioning System (GPS), teleseismic, and strong motion data, Yue et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M_w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M_w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

2021

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The oceanic crust of the Pacific plate and the continental crust of the North American plate are separated by a strike-slip transform fault, namely, the Queen Charlotte fault (QCF). Geological observations indicate that the relative motion of the two plates is oblique to the QCF at a rate of ∼52 mm/yr with an azimuth of N338°E (Demets et al., 2010), as shown in Figure 1. The plate motion in the southern part near Haida Gwaii has a ∼20% margin-normal component of oblique convergence, although Brothers et al. (2020) recently argued for a lower obliquity. The relative plate motion farther north in southeast Alaska is almost parallel to the QCF (DeMets et al., 2010; Lay et al., 2013). The contrast in obliquity of plate motion was also demonstrated by two recent earthquakes that occurred offshore Haida Gwaii and offshore southeast Alaska.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M_w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M_w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

2021

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“…Recent work shows that the latter also has a minor thrust component (James et al . , ; Lay et al . ; Szeliga ).…”

Section: Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary landscape evolution in a region of stable postglacial relative sea levels, British Columbia central coast, Canada

Eamer

Shugar

Walker

et al. 2017

Boreas

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2018 (July): Late Quaternary landscape evolution in a region of stable postglacial relative sea levels, British Columbia central coast, Canada. Boreas, Vol. 47, pp. 738-753. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12297. ISSN 0300-9483.After retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) and subsequent glacio-isostatic adjustment of the central coast of British Columbia (BC), Canada, a complex coastline emerged as relative sea level rapidly reached equilibrium and maintained stability over the end of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. This study provides a late Quaternary reconstruction of the landscape evolution of a geographically distinct location on the central BC coast, northwest Calvert Island, which experienced a re-advance of the CIS near the end of the Late Pleistocene and minimal subsequent relative sea-level change. Geomorphological observations from LiDAR imagery, sedimentological and palaeoecological evidence from exposures, cores and shovel pits, and a robust luminescence and 14 C-based chronology spanning the last 15 000 years are used to reconstruct the landscape of northwest Calvert Island following CIS retreat. A singlealiquot regenerative dose protocol that was developed specifically for luminescence dating of the sediments on Calvert Islandwas utilized in this study. Localized proglacial sedimentation was linked to the glacial re-advance experienced at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Extensive coastal reconfiguration (e.g. rapid shoreline progradation of >1 m a À1 ) occurred in the absence of extensive RSL change, which was the main driver of coastal change elsewhere along the BC coast. Changes in climate, small magnitude changes in RSL, and fire all probably played a role in isolated aeolian landform development and stabilization in the study area. An important contribution of this study is the documentation of the multi-disciplinary approach for reconstructing palaeogeography, using multiple geochronological methods, micro-and macro-sedimentology, the palaeoecology inferred from both macro and microfossils (e.g. diatoms and foraminifers), stratigraphy, field mapping and remote sensing. In addition, these findings inform our understanding of the drivers of coastal sedimentary processes, particularly in the temperate coastal rainforest region of BC, and the role that fire may play in those processes. Coastal palaeogeography studies in the region will become increasingly important as discoveries of Late Pleistocene human habitation along the coastal migration route continue to be documented.

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“…Substantial studies have been conducted on the Queen Charlotte margin since the 2012 M w 7.8 thrust earthquake (James et al, 2013(James et al, , 2015, which may have been related to oblique underthrusting of the Pacific plate underneath North America (e.g., Hyndman, 2015), and the 5 January 2013, M w 7.5, strike-slip Craig earthquake to the north (e.g., Aderhold and Abercrombie, 2015;Holtkamp and Ruppert, 2015;Tréhu et al, 2015;Walton et al, 2015). The oblique convergence at the margin appears to be partitioned into nearly pure strike slip on the Queen Charlotte transcurrent fault just off the coast and nearly orthogonal convergence on a thrust fault beneath the Queen Charlotte terrace (Hyndman, 2015), called the Haida Gwaii thrust.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic velocity structure of the Queen Charlotte terrace off western Canada in the region of the 2012 Haida Gwaii Mw 7.8 thrust earthquake

et al. 2020

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A well-recorded Mw 7.8 megathrust earthquake occurred on 27 October 2012 under the Queen Charlotte terrace off the west coast of Haida Gwaii, western Canada. In this study, we supplement limited earlier seismic refraction work on the offshore velocity structure off Haida Gwaii with data from ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) operating between 6 December 2012 and 5 January 2013. The OBS recorded a portion of the aftershock sequence, and an active-source seismic survey was conducted in January 2013 to acquire seismic refraction data in the region of the Haida Gwaii earthquake across the Queen Charlotte terrace. P-wave velocity analyses using first-arrival tomography showed relatively shallow (2.0–3.0 km below seafloor) high-velocity material with values up to 4.0 km/s beneath the terrace. At the one OBS station seaward of the deformation front on the abyssal plain, refraction velocities of ~4.5 km/s indicated the top of the oceanic plate at ~1–2 km below the seafloor. At several OBS stations, converted shear-wave velocities were determined within the sediment cover using reflected arrivals. The S-wave velocities ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 km/s, and the corresponding P/S velocity ratio was between 3.0 and 4.2. The new refraction data confirm earlier interpretations of high-velocity material in the shallow terrace that may indicate fractured oceanic crustal material lies significantly above the location where a subducted slab is thought to occur under the terrace. Transpressive deformation of the Pacific plate may explain these observations.

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Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig Earthquakes at the Pacific-North America Plate Boundary (British Columbia and Alaska)

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M_w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M_w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M_w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M_w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

Late Quaternary landscape evolution in a region of stable postglacial relative sea levels, British Columbia central coast, Canada

Seismic velocity structure of the Queen Charlotte terrace off western Canada in the region of the 2012 Haida Gwaii Mw 7.8 thrust earthquake

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Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2012 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Craig Earthquakes at the Pacific-North America Plate Boundary (British Columbia and Alaska)

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

Late Quaternary landscape evolution in a region of stable postglacial relative sea levels, British Columbia central coast, Canada

Seismic velocity structure of the Queen Charlotte terrace off western Canada in the region of the 2012 Haida Gwaii Mw 7.8 thrust earthquake

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Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M_w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M_w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure

Postseismic Deformation due to the 2012 M_w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M_w 7.5 Craig Earthquakes and its Implications for Regional Rheological Structure