Introduction. Why Submarine Cables?

Burnett, Douglas R.; Davenport, Tara; Beckman, Robert

doi:10.1163/9789004260337_002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Deep-sea and undersea cables support global telecommunications, and these can be integrated with sensors that monitor the marine environment to monitor, e.g., climate and assess earthquake risk (Sladen et al, 2019). Over the decades, these submarine cables appear to have become an essential part of the global economy and, although unseen, one of the more important uses of the ocean (Ash, 2014;Burnett et al, 2014).…”

Section: Cultural and Spiritual Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep sea nature-based solutions to climate change

Hilmi,

Sutherland,

Farahmand

et al. 2023

Front. Clim.

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The deep sea (below 200 m depth) is the largest carbon sink on Earth. It hosts abundant biodiversity that underpins the carbon cycle and provides provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural ecosystem services. There is growing attention to climate-regulating ocean ecosystem services from the scientific, business and political sectors. In this essay we synthesize the unique biophysical, socioeconomic and governance characteristics of the deep sea to critically assess opportunities for deep-sea blue carbon to mitigate climate change. Deep-sea blue carbon consists of carbon fluxes and storage including carbon transferred from the atmosphere by the inorganic and organic carbon pumps to deep water, carbon sequestered in the skeletons and bodies of deep-sea organisms, carbon buried within sediments or captured in carbonate rock. However, mitigating climate change through deep-sea blue carbon enhancement suffers from lack of scientific knowledge and verification, technological limitations, potential environmental impacts, a lack of cooperation and collaboration, and underdeveloped governance. Together, these issues suggest that deep-sea climate change mitigation is limited. Thus, we suggest that a strong focus on blue carbon is too limited a framework for managing the deep sea to contribute to international goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement and the post-2020 Biodiversity Goals. Instead, the deep sea can be viewed as a more holistic nature-based solution, including many ecosystem services and biodiversity in addition to climate. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs), area-based management, pollution reduction, moratoria, carbon accounting and fisheries management are tools in international treaties that could help realize benefits from deep-sea, nature-based solutions.

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Section: Cultural and Spiritual Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep sea nature-based solutions to climate change

Hilmi,

Sutherland,

Farahmand

et al. 2023

Front. Clim.

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“…There are several different designs of subsea power cables. Each cabling system is specially designed and optimised for purpose, making repairs and maintenance challenging, standardised cables are rare [5]. Some of the most common features for a standard, dry, subsea power cable are illustrated in figure 2 and described in table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive examination (NDE) methods for dynamic subsea cables for offshore renewable energy

et al. 2022

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Offshore renewable energy installations are moving into more challenging environments where fixed foundations are not economically viable, forcing the development of floating platforms. Subsea cables are critical for transfer of the power generated back to shore. The electrical capabilities of subsea cables are well understood; however, the structural capabilities are not, subsea power cable failures accounting for a significant proportion of insurance claims. Cables are challenging to repair, with specific vessels and good weather windows required, therefore making operations very costly. A good understanding of the internal structure of a subsea cable, and interaction between the layers, is integral to the development of robust and reliable, high voltage, dynamic, subsea cables. A requirement therefore exists for non-destructive examination (NDE) of live subsea cables to determine locations, and identify the causes, of faults and classify their type. An NDE framework such as this would assist in planning operations and reduce the risk and cost inherent to delivering offshore power. Improved understanding of subsea cable failure modes and mechanisms could also be achieved through us of NDE during onshore, dry, experimental testing. Three currently available NDE methods are considered, developed for use in other disciplines, for the purpose of structural monitoring of subsea power cables during onshore evaluation testing. The NDE methods were: i) thermography, ii) eddy current testing (ECT), iii) spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR). The methods are assessed with regards to the information that could be obtained from both a static and oscillating cable in pilot physical tests. The results of the testing were promising, with cable motions and interlayer movements being detected by all techniques to various degrees.

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Closing the gaps in the regulation of submarine cables: lessons from the Australian experience

Matley¹

2019

Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs

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Introduction. Why Submarine Cables?

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Deep sea nature-based solutions to climate change

Deep sea nature-based solutions to climate change

Non-destructive examination (NDE) methods for dynamic subsea cables for offshore renewable energy

Closing the gaps in the regulation of submarine cables: lessons from the Australian experience

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