Introductory Chapter: Analytical Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry of Polymeric Materials

Kusch, Peter

doi:10.5772/intechopen.81596

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Py-GC/MS is a well-established separation technique for the investigation of volatile and non-volatile compounds. Py-GC/MS has been frequently applied in the microstructural characterization and identification of synthetic polymers and copolymers in many industrial applications [ 48 , 49 ]. Chemical additives such as organic plastic additives (OPAs) are usually added to modify and improve the physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the polymers during the manufacturing process [ 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Monitoring and Analytical Characterization of Microplastics in Polychaete Worms

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microplastics (the term for plastics at sizes of <5 mm) might be introduced into the environment from domestic or agricultural activities or from the breakdown of plastic pieces, particles, and debris that are bigger in size. Their presence in the aquatic environment has caused accumulation problems, as microplastics do not easily break down and can be digested by some aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to screen and monitor the level of microplastic pollution in polychaete worms using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The study was conducted in Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia from November 2015 to January 2017 at five-month intervals and covered all monsoon changes. Results from physical and visual analyses indicated that a total number of 371.4 ± 20.2 items/g microplastics were retrieved from polychaete for all seasons, in which, the majority comprised transparent microplastics (49.87%), followed by brown with 138.3 ± 13.6 items/g (37.24%), 21.7 ± 1.9 items/g for blue (5.84%), and 12.9 ± 1.1 items/g for black (3.47%), while the remaining were green and grey-red colors. Statistical analysis using Kruskal–Wallis showed insignificant differences (p > 0.05) between the sampling station and period for the presence of a microplastics amount. Most of the microplastics were found in fiber form (81.5%), whereas the remaining comprised fragment (18.31%) and film (0.19%) forms. Further analysis with Py-GC/MS under a selective ion monitoring mode indicated that pyrolytic products and fragment ions for a variety of polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate, were detected. This study provides an insightful application of Py-GC/MS techniques for microplastics monitoring, especially when dealing with analytical amounts of samples.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Monitoring and Analytical Characterization of Microplastics in Polychaete Worms

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The PP/TC/EO composites show two stages of degradation, though; the first was between 100 and 150 °C, due to a dehydration process where moisture was eliminated from the PP surface and the caraway EO evaporated; the other involved further degradation of the PP to its final products—propylene, pentane, 2-Methyl-1-pentene, and 2,4-Dimethyl-1-heptene. Hence, the degradation temperature of the PP/TC/20EO sample was observed at 443 °C, in comparison with 463 °C for the neat PP film, which indicates filling the PP matrix with a TC carrier is a suitable way to improve its thermal stability [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Caraway Essential Oil in a Polypropylene Matrix for Antimicrobial Modification of a Polymeric Surface

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates antibacterial polymer composites based on polypropylene as modified by caraway essential oil at various concentrations, the latter immobilized on a talc. The caraway essential oil is incorporated in the polypropylene by a thermoplastic processing method. Analysis of the morphology of the composites was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the caraway essential oil in addition to its efficiency of incorporation and release were evaluated by GC/MS and Pyrolysis-GC/MS techniques, respectively. Determination was made as to the influence of such incorporation on thermal and tensile properties of the samples, while antibacterial activity was evaluated through conducting disk diffusion tests and measurement with adherence to the ISO 22196:2011 standard. It was found that incorporating the caraway essential oil in the samples did not affect the homogeneity of the thermoplastic-processed composites at any studied concentration. Stress–strain analysis confirmed the plasticizing effect of the essential oil in the polypropylene matrix, in addition to which, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis revealed that the prepared compositions with essential oil exhibited similar thermal properties to neat polypropylene. Results indicated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the concentration of essential oil of 4.9 ± 0.2 wt% and higher.

show abstract

“…Py-GC/MS has a lot of benefits [25,26] that makes this technique a really powerful one: Pyrolysis of polymeric materials as a sample introduction technique for gas chromatography allows studying materials and compounds that are not suitable for traditional GC/MS analysis; it allows studying polymeric structures from pure systems to multi-block polymers; it requires minimal sample preparation and solvent is not required for most applications, meaning that low concentration monomers, residual solvents, additives and crosslinking agents can be identified without adding additional contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis-GC/MS, A Powerful Analytical Tool for Additives and Polymers Characterization

Torre¹

2022

Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analytical Pyrolysis technique hyphenated to GC/MS is used to obtain structural information of macromolecules. The composition and relative abundance of the pyrolysis products are characteristic for a given polymer and their determination allows the identification of materials that cannot be determined otherwise. In the present work different examples are presented in which different pyrolysis techniques are used, such as pulsed, fractional and sequential pyrolysis, working with polymer solutions, cold injection in split or narrow band mode or thermochemolysis. Specially useful is serial pyrolysis which is performed in two or more steps. Initially, volatile compounds are thermally extracted from the sample at a relatively low temperature (thermal desorption), and then the same sample is pyrolyzed at a higher temperature.

show abstract

Introductory Chapter: Analytical Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry of Polymeric Materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Utilizing Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Monitoring and Analytical Characterization of Microplastics in Polychaete Worms

Utilizing Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Monitoring and Analytical Characterization of Microplastics in Polychaete Worms

Immobilization of Caraway Essential Oil in a Polypropylene Matrix for Antimicrobial Modification of a Polymeric Surface

Pyrolysis-GC/MS, A Powerful Analytical Tool for Additives and Polymers Characterization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About