Introductory Chapter: Caffeine, a Major Component of Nectar of the Gods and Favourite Beverage of Kings, Popes, Artists and Revolutionists, a Drug or a Poison?

Latosińska, Magdalena; Latosińska, J.N.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69693

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…This is in line with other countries; for example, the average caffeine consumption in the UK is about 130 mg/day [46], and it is 191 ± 129 mg/day in Switzerland [33]. However, in Japan, they consume about 260 mg/day [47] and in the U.S. adults consume 233 mg/day, which is about the amount of caffeine in up to two cups of coffee [37]. Knowing the source of caffeine can explain why some nations and age groups have a higher consumption of caffeine than others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…For those drinks that were not available in the USDA (for example, information regarding Arabic coffee and Arabic coffee husks), other scientific published data were used to update the table [31,36,37]. To assess the total intake of caffeine in the FFQ, we added caffeine content for a specific amount and multiplied by a weight proportional to the frequency of its use [38].…”

Section: Caffeine Food Frequency Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

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Caffeine Sources and Consumption among Saudi Adults Living with Diabetes and Its Potential Effect on HbA1c

et al. 2021

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Information regarding the spread and effect of coffee and caffeine intake by individuals with type II diabetes remains unclear. This study aims to identify the amount and sources of habitual caffeine intake by individuals with type II diabetes and to investigate its association with other health outcomes, especially HbA1c. This is a cross-sectional survey involving 100 people medically defined as having type II diabetes comprising both genders, recruited from a care centre. All participants completed a caffeine semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (C-FFQ) to estimate their caffeine consumption, a two day 24-h recall, and a detailed questionnaire. The average caffeine intake was calculated from all sources and the differences in mean by gender were tested using a regression model (adjusted to important confounders). Regression models were used to verify the association between average caffeine intake on HbA1c and other health outcomes with adjustment for important confounders. A p value < 0.05 represented statistical significance. Arabic coffee (gahwa) and tea were the most common sources of caffeine among Saudi adults living with diabetes. Average caffeine intake for the whole sample was 194 ± 165 mg/day, which is 2.3 ± 2 mg/kg. There was an inverse association between caffeine intake and age: difference in mean −3.26 mg/year (95%CI: −5.34, −1.18; p = 0.003). Males had significantly higher consumption of caffeine compared to females: difference in mean 90.7 mg/day (95%CI: 13.8, 167.6; p = 0.021). No association was found between average caffeine intake and HbA1C or any other cardiovascular risk factors. This information can help public health practitioners and policy makers when assessing the risk of caffeine consumption among this vulnerable group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Caffeine Food Frequency Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Sources and Consumption among Saudi Adults Living with Diabetes and Its Potential Effect on HbA1c

et al. 2021

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“…Among other factors, this has resulted in an increased interest in the determination of biologically active constituents present in food and beverages. Among these, methylxanthines are of great interest as their consumption, mainly caffeine, is widespread around the world [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylxanthine Content in Commonly Consumed Foods in Spain and Determination of Its Intake during Consumption

Sánchez

2017

Foods

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Methylxanthines present psychostimulant effects. These compounds have low toxicity and their consumption at moderate levels presents some beneficial health effects, whereas some significant risk appears at high levels. Samples of common types of methylxanthine-containing beverages and foods consumed in Spain were analyzed to determine their content. Caffeine was the methylxanthine that was most found in the samples investigated. Instant coffees gave the highest caffeine percentage (18–44 mg·g−1). Green and scented teas were found to have a caffeine dry-weight content (8–26 mg·g−1) equivalent to ground coffees (13–23 mg·g−1), but black and pu-erh teas (18–30 mg·g−1) had a higher caffeine content. The evaluation of the most conventional methods for preparing espresso coffees showed that an espresso contains between 88–116 mg of caffeine. In the case of tea beverages, the amount of caffeine present was 2–3 times smaller than in espresso coffees. Energy drinks showed a similar caffeine content (80–106 mg) as espresso coffees. Chocolates had the lowest caffeine content. It has been found that none of the foods evaluated reach the recommended daily intake limit of 400 mg of caffeine with a single dose. This limit can be reached with 4–5 doses in the case of coffees and energy drinks. In the case of chocolates, the methylxanthine compound detected at large levels was theobromine, with amounts ranging from 4 to 10 mg·g−1 for dark chocolates.

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“…Currently, about 120,000 tons of caffeine per year are consumed worldwide (Latosińska, Latosińska, 2017). Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a natural compound based on xanthine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an analytical method by HPLC-DAD for determination of caffeine in products based on guarana extracts (Paullinia cupana)

Silva

Mano-Sousa

Santos

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a native plant from the Amazon whose seeds contain a high concentration of caffeine. Aqueous extract of guarana is widely used in the world. In this study, the objective was to develop and validate a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method for the determination of caffeine in extracts and commercial beverages based on guarana. A sensitive, simple, and viable high performance liquid chromatographic method without the need of an analyte extraction procedure was developed and validated according to Brazilian and international requirements. The method presented high performance, fulfilling Brazilian and international requirements, in addition to allowing product compliance tests. Results confirmed high selectivity and linearity (>0.999) between 5 to 135 ug/mL, with no significant matrix effect. Detection and quantification limits were 0.02 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL, respectively. Precision was less than 4 %, and accuracy varied from 99.9-120 %. Applicability of the method was demonstrated by conducting a limited evaluation in products containing caffeine. Commercial extracts showed quite different caffeine levels, while carbonated drinks follow Brazilian and American recommendations. Our results indicate that the developed method can be used to evaluate the quality of the guarana extract and of products containing caffeine.

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Introductory Chapter: Caffeine, a Major Component of Nectar of the Gods and Favourite Beverage of Kings, Popes, Artists and Revolutionists, a Drug or a Poison?

Cited by 4 publications

References 134 publications

Caffeine Sources and Consumption among Saudi Adults Living with Diabetes and Its Potential Effect on HbA1c

Caffeine Sources and Consumption among Saudi Adults Living with Diabetes and Its Potential Effect on HbA1c

Methylxanthine Content in Commonly Consumed Foods in Spain and Determination of Its Intake during Consumption

Development and validation of an analytical method by HPLC-DAD for determination of caffeine in products based on guarana extracts (Paullinia cupana)

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