Invasive Alien Plants Management in Tunisia

Sayari, Najla; Mekki, Mounir

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74660-5_7

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the El Alem region of Tunisia, where semiarid conditions prevail, S. elaeagnifolium covers about 40% to 60% of the soil in irrigated areas, occurring in scattered spots in 54% of surveyed zones and in uniform infestations in 30% of the zones (Sayari et al 2021). In the survey zone set by Sayari and Mekki (2021), it was found that S. elaeagnifolium infestation increased by 72.5 ha in just 6 yr. In Algeria, the weed has spread over hundreds of hectares in the area where it was first recorded and continues to spread and form dense populations, especially near the Mediterranean coast (Adjim and Kazi Tani 2018).…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Baye (2007) concluded that glyphosate has increased efficacy against the weed when applied at the full flowering stage and before fruiting, and control is higher in irrigated areas and under conditions of water sufficiency. In contrast, Sayari and Mekki (2021) suggest that glyphosate should be applied at the green immature berry stage, because it is the optimal stage for mobilizing stored hydrocarbons. Where weed control is required in annual crops, the applied herbicide doses should be high to sufficiently control the weed, targeting especially the rhizomes that are resprouting.…”

Section: Management Optionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A single S. elaeagnifolium plant can produce up to 15 to 20 new plants in a single growing season. During the first year of rootstock establishment, sprouts can grow to a 25-cm radius (Sayari and Mekki 2021), and new shoots can arise from dormant root fragments for up to 18 mo. In undisturbed soils, a large proportion of roots develop at depths of up to 5 cm, while in disturbed soils (e.g., where roots have been fragmented by soil tillage), root fragments are distributed to a depth of up to 40 cm in the ground (Cuthbertson 1976).…”

Section: Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology of Invasive Plants 5. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.

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The family Solanaceae lists about 1,400 species worldwide, of which 143 are considered weeds (Sheppard et al. 2006). The genus Solanum is the most numerous of the family Solanaceae. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. belongs to the clade Leptostemonum, commonly known as the “spiny solanum” clade. Solanum elaeagnifolium is native to northern Mexico and the American Southwest. A revision for the S. elaeagnifolium clade and analytic phytokeys are provided by Knapp et al. (2017). The silvery color of its leaves and their resemblance to the leaves of the olive tree (Elaeagnus) were the reasons for naming the species elaeagnifolium (Heap and Carter 1999). Nowadays, it is commonly known as silverleaf nightshade (Boyd et al. 1984). According to Krigas et al. (2021), in northern Greece S. elaeagnifolium is also called “Lernaean Hydra,” due to its intense regrowth after herbicide treatment. Solanum elaeagnifolium is known in South Africa as silverleaf bitter apple or Satansbos (Satan’s bush), indicating how harmful it is to the country (Wilson et al. 2013). In America and other parts of the world, it has received various names over the years, such as white horsenettle, bullnettle, tomatillo, meloncillo, and trompillo (Davis et al. 1945; Kwong et al. 2006). In Algeria, farmers call it echouka, which means thorn, because of the multiple spines on the stem (Adjim and Kazi Tani 2018). In South Korea, it received the name Eun-bit-kka-ma-jung, which is a combination of its silvery coloration and a common plant in the country (Hong et al. 2014).