Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Immunocompromised Persons: Implications for Vaccination Programs

Shigayeva, Altynay; Rudnick, Wallis; Green, Karen; Chen, Danny K.; Demczuk, Walter; Gold, Wayne L.; Johnstone, Jennie; Kitai, Ian; Krajden, Sigmund; Lovinsky, Reena; Muller, Matthew P.; Powis, Jeff; Rau, Neil; Walmsley, Sharon; Tyrrell, Gregory J.; Bitnun, Ari; McGeer, Allison

doi:10.1093/cid/civ803

Cited by 105 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…pneumoniae is a Gram-positive coccus that can survive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions [59]. It causes mucosal and invasive infections in children and adults, most commonly acute otitis media (AOM), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), such as bacteraemia and meningitis [60][61][62][63][64].…”

Section: Pneumococcal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens

et al. 2019

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Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are extremely common in children, especially those under 5 years old. They can lead to complications, super-infection, respiratory failure, and even compromised respiratory function in adulthood. For some of the responsible pathogens, vaccines are available. This review reports current issues about vaccines against the main respiratory pathogens to highlight the available strategies to reduce the burden of paediatric respiratory disease. The optimal use of influenza, pneumococcal, pertussis and measles vaccines is required in order to reduce ARI burden. Vaccination coverage rates must be improved to achieve the full benefits of these vaccines. Recently, advances in the knowledge of respiratory syncytial virus structural biology and immunology as well as the development of new techniques to generate vaccine candidates have increased the number of promising vaccines even against this harmful pathogen.

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Section: Pneumococcal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens

et al. 2019

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“…Despite widespread vaccination, recent studies detected vaccine strains in up to 11% of individuals with community‐acquired invasive pneumococcal pneumonia, of which serotype 19A was most prevalent despite representation of this epitope in both PCV13 and PSV23 . The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in immunocompromised individuals is up to 20‐fold greater than in other adults with 50–64% of the isolates found among serotypes in PCV13; an additional 21% are caused by serotypes contained only in PSV23; some serotypes are in neither vaccine .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepant serological assays forPneumococcusin renal transplant recipients - a prospective study

2017

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Vaccine immunoprotection for Streptococcus pneumoniae is mediated by opsonizing antibodies targeting serotype-specific capsular polysaccharides. Quantitative antibody levels (ELISA) and antibody-mediated opsonophagcytic assays (OPA) measure vaccine-induced protection; correlation of these assays in transplantation requires investigation. This study examines the laboratory assessment of antibody titers in vaccinated renal recipients. Streptococcus pneumoniae 19A is common in immunocompromised hosts and is represented in protein-conjugate vaccines (PCV) and polysaccharide vaccines (PSV). Antibodies to 19A in serial sera from 30 vaccinated renal transplant recipients were compared using ELISA and OPA assays. Subject titers were classified as protected or not by ELISA (>0.35 ug/ml) and OPA titer (> 1:8). Antibody titers analyzed using McNemar’s test indicate that protection measured by the two assays are not the same (p=0.0078); simple linear regression of within-subject geometric means of 19A ELISA antibody levels vs. 19A OPA titers demonstrates significant correlation between the two assays (p<0.001). Vaccination is increasingly important given increasing antimicrobial resistance worldwide. OPA and ELISA antibody assays do not correlate well using current values for protective immunity against the Pneumococcus in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Future studies of vaccination in transplant recipients should evaluate protective antibody levels using both functional antibody assays and standard ELISA antibody titers. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00307125)

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that adult and pediatric SOT recipients have greater IPD incidence than healthy children . Recently, population‐based surveillance has shown that patients who have received SOT or HSCT have a nearly 50‐fold increased incidence of IPD compared to the general population and a case‐fatality rate of 10%‐20% …”

Section: Pneumococcusmentioning

confidence: 86%

Vaccines in pediatric transplant recipients—Past, present, and future

Dulek

Maurice

Halasa

2018

Pediatric Transplantation

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Infections significantly impact outcomes for solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Vaccine-preventable diseases contribute to morbidity and mortality in both early and late posttransplant time periods. Several infectious diseases and transplantation societies have published recommendations and guidelines that address immunization in adult and pediatric transplant recipients. In many cases, pediatric-specific studies are limited in size or quality, leading to recommendations being based on adult data or mixed adult-pediatric studies. We therefore review the current state of evidence for selected immunizations in pediatric transplant recipients and highlight areas for future investigation. Specific attention is given to studies that enrolled only children.

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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Immunocompromised Persons: Implications for Vaccination Programs

Cited by 105 publications

References 40 publications

Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens

Vaccination against Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens

Discrepant serological assays forPneumococcusin renal transplant recipients - a prospective study

Vaccines in pediatric transplant recipients—Past, present, and future

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