Invention mechanisms and management source of false smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens- A Review

Abstract

False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke), perfect sexual stage Villosiclava virens. Rice False Smut (RFS) early know as a minor disease but this time it is very severe in the majority of ricegrowing areas around the world, as epidemics form. The disease incidence ranged from 5-85% and major grain yield loss of 0.2% to 49% respectively in terms reduction in quality as well as quantity threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxin. After flowering, its symptoms are appeared when the fungus transforms into globose structures or yellowed carbonaceous masses of individual grains unfit for consumption. The infection cycle and invasion mechanism, including the primary and secondary source of RFS infection involved different factors affecting for invention mechanisms of disease occurrence, including the infection time and pathway. Due to knowledge of epidemiology and invention mechanisms, resistance source, disease aggravates, proper management strategies needed to be framed to control the false smut disease. Improvement in completing the management source of false smut needs more emphasis. This review summarizes the present status of RFS, biochemical mechanism invention, resistant source of cultivars, and management of false smut in rice.

Evaluation of different inoculation technique against false smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens for creating epiphytotic conditions

“…In contrast to this, Ashizawa et al, 2011 [1] ; Haiyong, 2012 [5] ; Haiyong et al, 2015 [6] ; Kumar et al, 2016 [8] found that the injecting the conidial suspension at booting stage produces maximum number of infected tillers as compared with the spray inoculation. Number of smut balls varied from 0.03 to 50.00 in field and from 0.10 to 25.00 in greenhouse conditions on 18 different cultivars.…”

Rice false smut pathogen: implications for mycotoxin contamination, current status, and future perspectives

“…Following fertilization, rice pistils will absorb a significant amount of nutrients and photosynthesis products to produce grains. After flowering, the filaments will grow from the spikelets and eventually perish (Kumar et al, 2020). Therefore, when pathogen hyphae were evident on the surfaces of anthers, stigmas, and ovaries, the pistil or its stigmas and ovary have been thought to be the infection sites for the false smut pathogen.…”

In-vitro and In-vivo Fungicidal Evaluation against False Smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) of Rice

“…It is important to determine the correct growth stage of rice for applying fungicides to control false smut disease. Application of azoxystrobin+difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole, propiconazole during booting or heading (50% panicle emergence) stage of rice showed most effective against false smut disease ( Kumar and Shialbala, 2019;Savitha et al, 2019;Kumar et al, 2018). Based on this information, the current research aimed to address false smut disease in rice-growing regions of Telangana by evaluating different fungicides at various growth stages of the rice crop.…”