Inverse analysis of explosives based on crater size

Zhou, Xiaoyun; Bai, Chao; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Z.

doi:10.1007/s00193-016-0643-2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the same approach, the scaled depth of crater can have the identical cube root related to m TNT . Zhou et al presented their calculations supported by eight-four results of the examined parameters of the craters created by TNT tests for inverse analysis [50].…”

Section: Validation Of Trinitrotoluene Equivalent Damage-distance Cor...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Tnt Evaluation By Inverse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodology of inverse analysis according to the relationship between m TNT versus the scaled distance shown in corresponding figures was proposed by Zhou et al [50]. All the parameters linked to m TNT , including the diameter and depth of craters were plotted in the published journal [50]. By setting a vertical line at zero (i.e., ground explosion) in the Z vs. scaled depth of bursts (m/kg 1/3 ) plot, with an intersection at Z = D/m TNT 1/3 = 1.2 and D = 97 m, the m TNT can be calculated to be 528 tons for the major explosion.…”

Section: Tnt Evaluation By Inverse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Duh

Yang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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On 12 August 2015, Tianjin port, Tianjin City, China, a catastrophic explosion of Ruihai International Logistics Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China) killed 173 and hurt almost 798 people, accompanying a financial loss of almost USD 2 billion. The ignition of the first fire due to the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose was verified by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) isothermal tests. A crater with a diameter of 97 m was created by the second explosion. For the second catastrophic explosion, an amount of 577 tons of trinitrotoluene was determined by the average through scaling law, crater inverse analysis and blast effects on structures. The overpressure against distance for consequence analysis was conducted using Baker’s, Sadovski’s and Alonso’s methodologies. A distinctive scenario of “two-successive-sympathetic detonations-following-a-fire” was proposed and discussed. Isothermal time-to-maximum-rate was validated to be approximately 9 days for the nitrocellulose inside the containers with an internal temperature of 60 °C stored at Tianjin port. A fatality radius chosen at the overpressure of 0.6 bar was ascertained to be nearly 410 m from the explosion origin.

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Section: Validation Of Trinitrotoluene Equivalent Damage-distance Cor...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Tnt Evaluation By Inverse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tnt Evaluation By Inverse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Duh

Yang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…Meanwhile, the numerical technique was also developed and its high fidelity was highlighted in parametric studies (Ambrosini et al, 2004;Ambrosini and Luccioni, 2008;Bjelovuk et al, 2015aBjelovuk et al, , 2015bDe, 2012;Luccioni et al, 2009;Nagy et al, 2007;Nagy, 2015;Wang et al, 2018). The emerging artificial intelligent algorithms also provide an insight into the inverse analysis of explosives (Zhou et al, 2017). These advancements are continuously motivating the development of inverse analysis of explosives based on craters.…”

Section: Cratersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on quick safety assessment of building structures in complex urban environment after extreme explosion events

Shi

Ding

2022

International Journal of Protective Structures

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Extreme explosion events result in demands for emergency rescue service. From the civil engineering perspective, a quick safety assessment of building structures in the explosion’s vicinity will provide the emergency rescue committee with concrete support to make scientific decisions. In this paper, three primary issues, namely, inverse analysis of explosive characteristics, blast wave propagation in complex urban areas and blast-induced damage identification, are reviewed. These are often performed stepwise and form a multi-step whole to assist the emergency rescue service. The paper begins by introducing the inverse analysis of explosives based on craters, building damages and seismic or acoustic records. In this step, explosive characteristics, for example, charge type, original time, yield and location, could be produced and input into blast load calculation in the next step. Then, the existing literature on blast wave propagation and blast load determination is presented with close attention to complex urban environments. It shows that the current study remains in its infancy and relies on advancement in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Besides, pressure–impulse (P-I) diagrams which predict the structural damage based on the calculated blast loads are illustrated. Onsite damage detection techniques, such as visual inspection, non-destructive testing (NDT) and vibration-based methods, are also discussed. The paper ends with a discussion of the shortcomings of previous work and the outlooks of further work.

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“…Most studies have focused on analysis and examination methods to estimate the charge mass (1)(2)(3)(4), identify the explosive substance (5,6), and determine the manufacturing source (7). Other studies focused on scene investigations (8)(9)(10)(11), damage evaluation (12), and so on. However, the explosion location is seldom discussed in detail, even in textbooks (11), mainly because the explosion seat, in some simple explosion cases, can be determined by usual traces such as the crater, the damage range of the building, and window breakage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosion Scene Forensic Image Interpretation

Sun

et al. 2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Image interpretation is an important aspect in the field of forensic science; however, it is seldom reported how to use these techniques in explosion scene forensic investigations. On 12 August 2015, a series of explosions killed 165 people and injured hundreds more at a container storage station at the Port of Tianjin. In this study, we applied image interpretation methods to determine the seat of the explosion by analyzing low‐quality video clips of the event. The interpretation fits well with recently published standard operating procedures, including the hypothesis, evaluation, inference, and confirmation. Image processing was adopted to enhance the images while the explosion scene was reconstructed with the same images. Some important features were extracted and utilized to distinguish whether the flashes were caused by reflection or a real blast. We reveal the real explosion location, which guides the overall investigation. The results indicate that image interpretation is a powerful tool for forensic investigators to analyze low‐quality images in complicated explosions or fire accidents.

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Inverse analysis of explosives based on crater size

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Holistic Case Study on the Explosion of Ammonium Nitrate in Tianjin Port

Review on quick safety assessment of building structures in complex urban environment after extreme explosion events

Explosion Scene Forensic Image Interpretation

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