Investigating laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for estimating uranuim by its hydroxide colloids in presence of large excess of LiCl–KCl/Cd

Determination of scaling ions in oilfield produced water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…21 A variety of methods have been developed to improve detection sensitivity in liquid samples, among which phase conversion has been proved to be effective. Several solid substrates have already been used for phase conversion, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters, 22 matte photographic paper, 23 silicone, 24 wood, 25 metallic substrates such as Al, Cu, Zn, Mg and Si, 14,26–28 cellulosic substrates 13,15,29,30 and polymeric membranes. 31 Among those cited, cellulosic substrates such as filter paper are of low cost and have the potential of being a pre-concentration device.…”