Investigating Temporal Effects on Truck Accident Occurrences in Manhattan, New York City

Abstract

Truck-related crash occurrences in Manhattan, New York City, are analyzed during four time blocks: morning peak (AMP, 6:00 to 10:00 a.m.), midday (MD, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.), afternoon peak (PMP, 3:00 to 7:00 p.m.), and nighttime (NT, 7:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.). The results of zero-inflated negative binomial models indicate that both the built environment and traffic flows contribute to temporal variation in truck-related crash occurrences. More specifically, tracts with larger populations and higher employment in the finance, insurance, and health care sectors tend to have fewer crashes at night. In contrast, larger household sizes and the retail, professional services, education, and accommodation industry sectors are associated with increased NT crash occurrences. In addition, if 1,000 trucks were shifted from AMP to the NT, the average tract would experience a net increase of truck crashes of 0.2160; the net increase would be 0.1948 if the trucks were shifted from the PMP to the NT. Shifting trucks from the MD to the NT reduces the count by 0.0267; this result suggests that this strategy might provide the best safety benefits. When possible induced nontruck demand is accounted for, even the largest impact on safety (during the PMP) increased crashes by only 3.56%. These findings fill the void of studies that focused on the influence of temporal effects on truck crash occurrences in congested urban settings.

Exploring the Relationship of Rush Hour Period and Fatal and Non-Fatal Crash Injuries in The U.S.: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The median morning rush hour period starts at 6 am and ends at 9 am. The duration of the morning rush hour period hours was as short as one hour (Call et al, 2019) and as long as four hours (Haleem & Gan, 2013;Jang et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2007;Marquis & Wang, 2015). Similarly, the duration of the afternoon rush hour period was as short as two hours (Call et al, 2019;Cook et al, 2005;Ma et al, 2018) and as long as four hours (Haleem & Gan, 2013;Jang et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2007;Paleti et al, 2010).…”

“…While some papers assessed the natural and environmental determinants of crash events or injuries (Call et al, 2019;Das et al, 2008;Jang et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2007;Marquis & Wang, 2015;Stevens et al, 2019), others assessed the association of risky driving behaviors and the occurrence of crash events or injuries (Cook et al, 2005;Duddu et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2019;Ma, Hao, Xiang, & Yan, 2018;Paleti et al, 2010). The study population focused on either the individuals involved in the crash (Huang et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2007;Paleti et al, 2010) or crash events (Call et al, 2019;Cook et al, 2005;Das et al, 2008;Jang et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2018;Marquis & Wang, 2015). Also, the sample sizes had a wide range -from approximately 1,000 (Marquis & Wang, 2015) to over 620,000 (Cook et al, 2005).…”

“…The study population focused on either the individuals involved in the crash (Huang et al, 2019;Kim et al, 2007;Paleti et al, 2010) or crash events (Call et al, 2019;Cook et al, 2005;Das et al, 2008;Jang et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2018;Marquis & Wang, 2015). Also, the sample sizes had a wide range -from approximately 1,000 (Marquis & Wang, 2015) to over 620,000 (Cook et al, 2005). Using the Down and Black checklist, the qualities of the studies were low to average.…”

“…Across the selected studies, the rush hour period was referred to as the period with "peak traffic volume" (Call et al, 2019;Cook et al, 2005;Das et al, 2008;Duddu et al, 2019;Haleem & Gan, 2013;Huang et al, 2019;Jang et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2018;Marquis & Wang, 2015;Paleti et al, 2010) or the period with the highest road crash events (Stevens et al, 2019) (Table 2). The rush-hour period defined the time during which certain road processes were activated such as the period when the road shoulders are opened to accommodate increased traffic flow (Lee et al, 2007).…”

“…The morning rush hour period started as early as 5 or 5:30 am in densely populated regions like Washington DC and Virginia (Lee et al, 2007) or states with a large population size like California (Jang et al, 2008). Additionally, studies conducted in densely populated areas like New York and Florida reported that the morning rush hour period ended at either 10 or 11 am (Haleem & Gan, 2013;Marquis & Wang, 2015). The median morning rush hour period starts at 6 am and ends at 9 am.…”