Investigating the Drinking Water Quality and Associated Health Risks in Metropolis Area of Pakistan

Abstract

Water is the basic need of human beings with no substitute for it. This research aims to investigate the drinking water quality and dissociated risk calculations of the metropolis area in Pakistan. The present study was based on public awareness toward water quality and the real situation of water quality of filtration plants in Islamabad. A questionnaire was designed with the help of existing literature about public awareness on water quality. In the present study, 450 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed with the help of statistical tools. To investigate the real situation of water quality in the study area, 32 samples were analyzed from installed filtration plants. The results presented that electrical arsenic, conductivity (EC), and alkalinity were higher, and 26 samples were found to be unsafe for drinking under poor water quality (water quality index >100). The hazard index of arsenic was found to be <1 in adults (7.03E+01) and children (1.06E+02) in Islamabad. The microbiological situation was included as well for health risk assessment. There is a need of comprehensive management for the sustainability of filtration plants. Public satisfaction can be enhanced by dissemination of the significant importance of water quality in annual government reports to the public via local social media, print media, and television.

Research Trends in Crop–Livestock Systems: A Bibliometric Review

“…At the same time, in the face of the challenges of climate change, farmers are well aware of the value of wastewater as a kind of fertilizer instead of the impact of contaminated water on crops. Furthermore, smallholders face more threats than well-settled farmers, which means a new type of ecological agriculture system is now urgently needed [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. By combining crop farming and animal husbandry, crop–livestock systems improve nutrient cycling and energy efficiency, thus gaining benefits economically and ecologically [ 9 ].…”

Health and Human Wellbeing in China: Do Environmental Issues and Social Change Matter?

“…Several studies have examined the association between economic development and environmental quality and relate human wellbeing with economic growth. However, various authors denoted that education and life expectancy which are major determinants of the human development index are highly correlated with mortality due to environmental issues related to calamities ( Kampa and Castanas, 2008 ; Sohail et al, 2015 ; Sohail et al, 2019b ; Sohail et al, 2021c ; Ullah et al, 2021 ; Bai et al, 2022 ; Sohail et al, 2022a ).…”

“…Human wellbeing is directly determined by the capability of individuals to pursue their objectives. Based on this approach, various studies reported that the use of the internet is beneficial for human health and human wellbeing ( Chiao and Chiu, 2016 ; Sohail et al, 2022a ). There exist several studies that empirically investigated the link between environmental pressures, social change, and health ( Narayan et al, 2008 ; Correia et al, 2013 ; Meghisan and Toma, 2017 ; Sohail et al, 2019a ).…”

Are Iron Tailings Suitable for Constructing the Soil Profile Configuration of Reclaimed Farmland? A Soil Quality Evaluation Based on Chronosequences

“…These overburdened materials mostly consist of large boulders, loose rock fragments and tailings, devoid of organic matter and nutrients, which are left unmanaged and create environmental pollution, commonly known as “mine spoil” [ 5 , 6 ]. Solid wastes such as mine spoil, if not properly treated and reused, would cause serious pollution to the environment and health risks [ 7 , 8 ]. Solid waste was a misplaced resource, and the level of recycling of resources is one of the important signs of social progress and a pathway toward green and sustainable development [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…Iron tailings are a great quantity of solid waste discharged in iron ore mining and beneficiation, causing serious environmental problems such as land occupation, soil/water pollution and environmental damages, ecological risks, and economic losses [ 7 , 14 ]. Compared with developed countries, China started late in the reuse of solid waste resources such as iron tailings and has not yet formed a unique solid waste classification resource utilization mode [ 12 ].…”