Investigating the Possible Audiological Effects of Hypothyroidism

Background Recent observational case series have reported on the potential ototoxicity of teprotumumab. This study aims to objectively evaluate the incidence of teprotumumab induced ototoxicity in patients with TED, using the gold standard of baseline and post treatment audiometry. Methods In this prospective observational case series, consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with TED and were to receive teprotumumab had audiometry at: baseline, prior to each infusion and at 6 months follow up post treatment. An independent audiologist assessed the audiometry. Further, the incidence and natural history of otologic symptoms was also documented. Results 52 patients were included (43 females, 9 males, mean (SD) age: 49 (13)). On objective testing (audiometry), only 63% patients had normal baseline audiometry. At 6 months follow up, of those with normal baseline audiometry, 1 / 32 (3%) had new onset hearing loss. Of those with abnormal baseline audiometry, 20% had mild hearing dysfunction at 6 months follow up. Overall, 5/52 (10%) of patients had objective hearing loss at 6 months. Following treatment, at 24 weeks, 29% reported subjectively new otologic symptoms. At 6 months, this reduced to 7.7%. A prior history of hearing loss was the main risk factor for hearing dysfunction following treatment with teprotumumab. Conclusions Long term hearing loss in TED patients with normal baseline hearing is rare following treatment with teprotumumab (incidence of 3%). Patients with baseline hearing dysfunction are at greater risk of hearing change and management of the dose and interval between infusions is recommended for this group.

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A Study on the Effects of Hypothyroidism on the Senses: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

LeVasseur,

Fogel,

Khanna

2024

Cureus

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Hypothyroidism has been found to have long-term effects on each of the senses, but with proper treatment, many of them can be significantly minimized. This paper analyzes the research on the impact of hypothyroidism on the senses of smell, taste, hearing, vision, and thermoregulation. Data were collected from the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "hypothyroidism," "taste," "smell," "vision," "hearing," and "thermoregulation." Approximately 413 articles were found when searching with these parameters, and 30 were used in this paper. Studies were excluded if they were outside this paper's scope or older than 2012. Studies were included if they specifically focused on hypothyroidism and one of the five listed senses. Patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss, decreased perception of the blue-yellow color axis, decreased sense of olfaction and number of olfactory bulbs, and decreased thermogenesis. Hypothyroidism was also found to show increased length of COVID-19-induced anosmia and decreased bitter taste perception. It can be concluded that hypothyroidism has many effects on the senses, particularly an increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss. More studies need to be done on these effects.

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Investigating the Possible Audiological Effects of Hypothyroidism

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Association of periodontitis with tinnitus: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan

Association of periodontitis with tinnitus: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan

A Prospective Study on the Potential of Teprotumumab Ototoxicity: Evidence Based recommendations for Screening and Managing Patients at Risk of Hearing Loss

A Study on the Effects of Hypothyroidism on the Senses: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

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