Investigating the possible causal role of coffee consumption with prostate cancer risk and progression using Mendelian randomization analysis

Abstract

Coffee consumption has been shown in some studies to be associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. However, it is unclear if this association is causal or due to confounding or reverse causality. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate the causal effects of coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk and progression. We used two genetic variants robustly associated with caffeine intake (rs4410790 and rs2472297) as proxies for coffee consumption in a sample of 46,687 men of European ancestry from 25 studies in the PRACTICAL consortium. Associations between genetic variants and prostate cancer case status, stage and grade were assessed by logistic regression and with all‐cause and prostate cancer‐specific mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression. There was no clear evidence that a genetic risk score combining rs4410790 and rs2472297 was associated with prostate cancer risk (OR per additional coffee increasing allele: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.98,1.03) or having high‐grade compared to low‐grade disease (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97,1.04). There was some evidence that the genetic risk score was associated with higher odds of having nonlocalised compared to localised stage disease (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06). Amongst men with prostate cancer, there was no clear association between the genetic risk score and all‐cause mortality (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97,1.04) or prostate cancer‐specific mortality (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98,1.08). These results, which should have less bias from confounding than observational estimates, are not consistent with a substantial effect of coffee consumption on reducing prostate cancer incidence or progression.

Review on Health Benefit and Risk of Coffee Consumption

“…[45,47, [83][84][85] Coffee/Caffeine consumption lower in the range of 32-60% the risk of Parkinson's diseases It is a neurodegenerative disease, right after Alzheimer's. it mainly by the death of dopamine-producing neurons in our brain [86][87][88][89][90][91] Coffee consumption protects against 65 or more aged people from Alzheimer's disease and dementia.…”

Coffee and tea consumption and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

“…Other more recent and slightly larger meta‐analyses reported either similar null findings (13 cohorts; RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00) or weak inverse results (14 cohorts; RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.98) per 2 cups of total coffee per day . A recently published Mendelian randomization study observed no association between genetically predicted coffee consumption and prostate cancer incidence or progression …”

“…13,14 A recently published Mendelian randomization study observed no association between genetically predicted coffee consumption and prostate cancer incidence or progression. 20 Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease and conducting investigations by stage, grade or fatality are important for identifying associations specific for fatal tumors or tumors that are likely to advance to metastatic disease. Unfortunately, less than half of the available cohort studies have investigated such associations.…”

Reduction by coffee consumption of prostate cancer risk: Evidence from the Moli‐sani cohort and cellular models

“…Recently, Taylor et al 23 conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal effects of coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk and progression, in a sample of 46,687 men of European ancestry from 25 studies in the PRACTICAL consortium. A weak positive association between coffee genetic risk score and increased risk of nonlocalized disease was suggested.…”