Investigating the sleep habits in individual and team-sport athletes using the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Driller, Matthew W.; Suppiah, Haresh T.; Rogerson, David; Ruddock, Alan; James, Lachlan P.; Virgile, Adam

doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20210031

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These reports have emphasized the need for athletes to regulate their sleep periods to improve their quality since sleep is one of the main tools to achieve optimal recovery ( 49 ). Not addressing these factors led to an increase in daytime sleepiness ( 12 ) and a decrease in sports performance ( 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global scores for the PSQI > 5 are considered poor sleep quality. The use of the PSQI with athletes had been widely reported with good reliability and validity ( 30 , 31 ), even during the pandemic ( 15 ), as well as with the athlete population ( 12 , 32 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the modifications in the athletes' training routine during the pandemic, the literature reported changes in their sleep habits, reduced hours and quality of sleep, and even insomnia ( 12 , 13 ). The decrease in sleep time and the acquisition of unhealthy habits such as prolonged naps and increased consumption of caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco were some of the behaviors that athletes picked up during the pandemic period ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of home confinement on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in amateur and elite athletes

et al. 2023

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IntroductionDespite the progress in the management of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, it is necessary to continue exploring and explaining how this situation affected the athlete population around the world to improve their circumstances and reduce the negative impact of changes in their lifestyle conditions that were necessitated due to the pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating influence of physical activity (PA) and dietary habits on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic experience on sleep quality in elite and amateur athletes.Materials and methodsA total of 1,420 elite (40.1%) and amateur (59.9%) athletes (41% women; 59% men) from 14 different countries participated in a cross-sectional design study. Data were collected using a battery of questionnaires that identified sociodemographic data, sleep quality index, PA levels, dietary habits, and the athletes' perception of their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each variable. The analysis of variances and the correlation between variables were carried out with non-parametric statistics. A simple moderation effect was calculated to analyze the interaction between PA or dietary habits on the perception of the COVID-19 experience effect on sleep quality in elite and amateur athletes.ResultsThe PA level of elite athletes was higher than amateur athletes during COVID-19 (p < 0.001). However, the PA level of both categories of athletes was lower during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19 (p < 0.01). In addition, amateurs had a higher diet quality than elite athletes during the pandemic (p = 0.014). The perception of the COVID-19 experience as controllable was significantly higher (p = 0.020) among elite athletes. In addition, two moderating effects had significant interactions. For amateur athletes, the PA level moderated the effect of controllable COVID-19 experience on sleep quality [F(3,777) = 3.05; p = 0.028], while for elite athletes, the same effect was moderated by dietary habits [F(3,506) = 4.47, p = 0.004].ConclusionElite athletes had different lifestyle behaviors compared to amateurs during the COVID-19 lockdown. Furthermore, the relevance of maintaining high levels of PA for amateurs and good quality dietary habits by elite athletes was noted by the moderating effect that both variables had on the influence of the controllable experience during the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of home confinement on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in amateur and elite athletes

et al. 2023

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“…Previous research 9 has suggested that while sleep may be poor across athlete populations, challenges and habits differ between individual and team-sport athletes. Indeed, previous research 5 10 has shown significant differences between total sleep time and sleep efficiency between team and individual sports athletes. Furthermore, within team-sport athletes, sleep challenges may differ depending on the athlete's level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparing Perceived Sleep Quality, Practices, and Behaviors of Male and Female Elite Rugby Union Athletes with the Use of Sleep Questionnaires

Teece,

Beaven,

Argus

et al. 2023

Sleep Sci

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Objective To evaluate the differences in subjective sleep quality, quantity, and behaviors among male and female elite rugby union athletes through two common sleep questionnaires. Materials and Methods A sample of 38 male and 27 female elite rugby union athletes filled out the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Global scores and individual items for each questionnaire were compared to assess differences between sexes. Results Male athletes reported significantly longer sleep duration (7 h 50 m ± 50 m versus 7h 12 m ± 58 m respectively; p ≤ 0.01; d = 0.70) and higher habitual sleep efficiency (88% versus 83% respectively; p < 0.05; d = 0.54) when compared with female athletes. Individual items of the ASBQ revealed significant differences between male and female athletes for five questions. Male athletes displayed higher instances of taking stimulants before training or competition and consuming alcohol within 4 hours of going to bed. Conversely, female athletes expressed greater thought or worry while in bed and a higher instance of training late at night. Discussion Male athletes displayed better self-reported sleep quality and quantity than female athletes; however, the present study highlighted that male and female elite rugby union athletes face specific challenges that differ. It appears that the differences observed between male and female elite rugby union athletes may be due to differing levels of professionalism or differences in training or competition schedules.

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“…[1][2][3] Despite the importance of sleep on performance, researchers have reported that poor sleep is common in team sport athletes in training and precompetition environments, resulting in sleep debt. 4,5 Daytime naps are a commonly used strategy in an attempt to recover from sleep debt present amongst team sport athletes. 6 Previously, naps have been defined as a period of sleep less than 50% of an individual's nocturnal sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nap to perform? Match-day napping on perceived match performance in professional rugby union athletes

Teece

Beaven

Huynh

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Background Daytime napping on match-day is a strategy used by athletes to alleviate sleep debt or to avoid boredom. However, the utilization of pre-match napping and its effect on self-rated performance has not been evaluated in professional Rugby athletes. Methods Over a 17-match season, 30 professional Rugby Union athletes (mean ± SD: 23 ± 3 y) completed a weekly questionnaire on their daytime napping practices on match day. Questions included whether they took a nap, the duration of nap, their mood state upon waking and, their perceived performance during the subsequent match. Additionally, three team coaches evaluated the match performance of each participant. Finally, each participant was asked a questionnaire focusing on their napping preferences and individual habits of match-day napping at the conclusion of the season. Results Pre-match naps were used by 86% of athletes, with an average nap duration of 32 ± 19 min. A significantly greater number of naps were taken during away matches compared to home matches (60% vs. 40%, p < 0.01). Of the athletes who napped, 86% chose to nap less than 4 h before kick-off. Furthermore, 87% of athletes who napped on match day reported believing naps helped their match performance. Additionally, the odds of an athlete rating their performance as “good” was increased 6.7 times if they napped and won the match. Conclusion This study highlights that match-day naps are commonly used amongst professional Rugby Union athletes. The results suggest that taking naps before away matches may support self-rated performance amongst Rugby Union athletes.

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Investigating the sleep habits in individual and team-sport athletes using the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of home confinement on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in amateur and elite athletes

Effects of home confinement on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in amateur and elite athletes

Comparing Perceived Sleep Quality, Practices, and Behaviors of Male and Female Elite Rugby Union Athletes with the Use of Sleep Questionnaires

Nap to perform? Match-day napping on perceived match performance in professional rugby union athletes

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