Investigating the stress attenuating potential of furosemide in immobilization and electric foot-shock stress models in mice

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the antistress effect of furosemide (sodium potassium chloride co-transporter inhibitor) in immobilization and foot-shock stress-induced behavioral alterations in the mice. Acute stress was induced in Swiss albino mice either by applying electric foot shocks of 0.6-mA intensity of 1-s duration with 30-s inter-shock interval for 1 h or immobilizing for 150 min. The acute stress-induced behavioral changes were assessed by using actophotometer, hole board, open-field, and social interaction tests. Biochemically, the corticosterone levels were estimated in the serum as a biomarker of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Acute stress resulted in the development of behavioral alterations and elevation of the corticosterone levels. Intraperitoneal administration of furosemide (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated immobilization and foot-shock stress-induced behavioral changes along with normalization of the corticosterone levels. It may be concluded that furosemide produces beneficial effects in reestablishing the behavioral and biochemical alterations in immobilization and foot-shock-induced acute stress in mice.

The Effects of Furosemide on Behavioral and Hormonal Parameters in Male and Female Mice Subjected to Immobilization and Cold-Water Stress

“…Some of these effects have been reported earlier only in one prior publication on this subject. 10 The adverse actions caused by IMS can cause alterations in the actions of peripheral muscles and changes in the flow rate of blood that supplies these muscles. 23 This stressful action activates the HPA system, resulting in at least some behavioural, biochemical, and hormonal changes .…”

“…However, there is a lack of evidence for the functional relationship to the behavioural and biochemical effects of KCCs, and therefore a lack of direct impact of FUR on the motor and behavioural effects. 10 It should be mentioned that different drugs may induce different hormonal and behavioural responses in animals and humans subjected to stressful stimuli. For example, the antidepressant drug amitriptyline has been reported to cause differential hormonal and behavioural actions in rats subjected to chronic stress.…”

“…However, there is a lack of evidence for the functional relationship to the behavioural and biochemical effects of KCCs, and therefore a lack of direct impact of FUR on the motor and behavioural effects. 10 …”

“…electric footshock stress and immobilization. 10 In that report, only corticosterone was used as a biomarker of stress. In the present work, we used FUR at a different dose (40 mg/kg, i.p.)…”

H3K4 dimethylation at FosB promoter in the striatum of chronic stressed rats promotes morphine-induced conditioned place preference

“…Electric foot shock (EFS) is a well-developed protocol to establish animal model of stress [38–40]. Circulation glucocorticoids level elevated after EFS [16, 41, 42]. To test whether GRs involved in chronic stress-induced morphine CPP, we injected electric foot shock plus mifepristone (EFS + Mif) group with mifepristone (20mg/kg of body weight, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) subcutaneously.…”