“…SiO 2 applied in composites have attracted much research attention [18][19][20][21][22] in the last few decades owing to the superior properties of SiO 2 nanoparticles such as toughness, tensile strength, thermal stability, gas separation performance, high scattered performance, and thermal resistance 23 and they have various applications in high-performance coatings, 24,25 bers, 26,27 bioactive polymers, 28,29 rubber composites etc. [30][31][32] The nanometer-sized SiO 2 particles are used not only as a kind of ller, but also as reinforcing 33,34 and toughening 35 agents that can impart good mechanical properties, thermal stability, and toughness, as well as magnetic and optical properties to the polymers.…”