Investigation of a multi stage vapour-injection cycle to improve air-conditioning system performance of electric buses

Pathak, Aditya; Binder, Matthias; Ongel, Aybike; Ng, Heong Wah

doi:10.1109/ever.2019.8813517

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The final selection in the tool is the design of the individual components of the HVAC system for the vehicle concept. The simulation is based on the design of HVAC components by Pathak et al 28 Figure 9 illustrates the process of the selection of the elements for the air conditioning. The inputs for the simulation of the HVAC are provided by the vehicle specification database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the MATLAB script for HVAC allows to define further relevant parameters in terms of thermodynamics and heat transfer for the optimisation of the HVAC. 28 The outputs of the HVAC simulation are the sizing of the compressor, evaporator, condenser and the radiator, as shown in Figure 9. Standard catalogue products of the HVAC components are stored in the HVAC database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a parametric packaging and sizing tool for autonomous electric bus system

Sethuraman¹,

Tran²,

Ongel³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The demand for autonomous electric public transport is increasing globally. New vehicle models and variants are increasing the development complexity and hence the overall development time. Therefore, there is a requirement for a vehicle-packaging tool that can translate user inputs into an optimised vehicle package and can be visualised instantly. The aim of this paper is to develop a parametric tool for designing different concepts for electric autonomous buses. The scope of application is intended in the early phase of the vehicle development process to enable a fast and efficient creation of a flexible bus concept. Through a graphical user interface (GUI), the user is able to size and select all the required components for the autonomous vehicle concepts. The vehicle specification is initiated by selection of one of the three classes of vehicle, the desired number of passengers and then the bus interior’s seat arrangement design. An appropriate powertrain and chassis will then automatically be configured in the next steps. The HVAC simulation allows for the design of different components of the refrigeration circuit to ensure proper cabin temperature. For evaluating the concept, the energy consumption is analysed through simulations, and an estimated initial cost of vehicle concepts and individual systems completes the concept. A spider chart summarises all characteristics and offers an overview of the vehicle concept, providing the possibility to compare with other concepts simultaneously. The tool can create 9600 different bus concepts and provides interfaces for expansion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a parametric packaging and sizing tool for autonomous electric bus system

Sethuraman¹,

Tran²,

Ongel³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Expansion loss recovery cycles mainly concentrate on expanders (essentially, turbine use) [32,33] and ejectors [34,35] used in vapour compression cycles. Multi-stage cycle studies include vapour or liquid-phase refrigerant injection cycles [36], two-phase refrigerant injection cycles [37], and saturation cycles [38].…”

Section: Experiments On the Improvement Of The Vapor Compression Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies and Performance Characteristics Analysis of a Variable-Volume Heat Pump in a Ventilation System

Frik,

Bielskus,

Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Air-to-air heat pumps are used in today’s ventilation systems increasingly often as they provide heating and cooling for buildings. The energy transformation modes of these units are subject to constant change due to the varying outdoor air state, including temperature and humidity. When choosing how to operate and control energy transformers, it is important to be able to adapt effectively to the changing outside air conditions. Nowadays, modern commercial heat pumps offer two levels of control flexibility: a compressor with a variable speed and an electronic expansion valve. This combination of control elements has boosted the seasonal energy efficiency of heat pumps. For a long time, cycle control possibilities have been dominated by electronic controls. The authors of this paper aim to present an additional element to the traditional heat pump controls, which provides a third level of control over the cycle. To achieve the objective, experimental investigations of a heat pump integrated into a ventilation unit have been carried out under real-life conditions. The experiments involved varying the operating modes of the unit by adjusting the compressor speed, the position of the expansion valve, and the volume of the system loop. The study examined the performance characteristics of the heat pump and found that the performance of a variable-volume heat pump is comparable to that of a conventionally operated typical constant-volume heat pump system. In addition, the study found that by adding a third level of volume control to the active heating circuit, in combination with conventional controls, the heat pump’s heat output range could be extended by 69.62%. The study determined the variation of the heat pump cycle in the p-h diagram with the variation of the loop volume. The benefits and drawbacks of a heat pump with a variable-volume loop are discussed in this study.

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“…There are many studies such as Mahmood, Buttsworth [20], Tuo and Hrnjak [21], Dhumane, Qiao [22] and Pathak, Binder [23], in which it was reported that the injection technique has a significant effect on the system performance and it can be used to improve the system capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A gravitational vertical flash tank separator is one of the components that can be used to produce in the vapour compression refrigeration system. The vertical flash tank vapour injection (FTVI) is used to separate out the liquid of refrigerant from the gas-liquid two-phase flow and feed only liquid to the evaporator [23], while the vapour of the refrigerant is injected to the compressor. The FTVL technique reduces the thermal stress that would be generated in the compressor as a result of the electrical current flowing in the electrical coil of the compressor and compression process [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Mechanical Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Part 2: Performance Challenge

Mahmood

Ali

Al-Janabi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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Reducing energy consumption and providing high performance for a vapour compression refrigeration system are big challenges that need more attention and investigation. This paper provides an extensive review of experimental and theoretical studies to present the vapour compression refrigeration system and its modifications that can be used to improve system’s performance and reduce its energy consumption. This paper also presents the challenges that can be considered as a gab of research for the future works and investigations. Cooling capacity, refrigerant effect, energy consumption can be improved by using vapour injection technique, natural working fluid, and heat exchanger. Based on the outcome of this paper, vapour injection technique using natural refrigerant such as water can provide ultimate friendly refrigeration system. Future vision for the vapour compression refrigeration system and its new design technique using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is also considered and presented.

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Investigation of a multi stage vapour-injection cycle to improve air-conditioning system performance of electric buses

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Development of a parametric packaging and sizing tool for autonomous electric bus system

Development of a parametric packaging and sizing tool for autonomous electric bus system

Experimental Studies and Performance Characteristics Analysis of a Variable-Volume Heat Pump in a Ventilation System

Review of Mechanical Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Part 2: Performance Challenge

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