Investigation of the Electrochemical and Thermal Characteristics of NCM811-21700 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery: A Numerical Study and Model Validation

Abstract

Recently, there has been growing recognition of the significance of energy and environmental challenges. Utilization of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has shown considerable potential and benefits for tackling these issues. The effective management of battery temperature has become a crucial factor in the advancement and widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. In this study, a thermo-coupled pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) electrochemical model is employed to simulate the heat generation of the NCM811-21700 cylindrical battery cell at various discharge rates at an ambient temperature of 25 °C, and is validated by experimental data. The validation results demonstrate that the thermo-coupled P2D model can effectively predict the battery voltage curve during the discharge process with less than 4% errors. Although there is a slightly larger error in the temperature prediction during the battery 2C and 3C discharge processes, the maximum error approaches 10%, which is still generally within an acceptable range. In addition, the battery’s electrochemical and thermal characteristics during discharge are presented. The suggested thermo-coupled electrochemical model can be used for applications in the thermal management system of the NCM811-21700 battery.

Investigation of the Performance of Battery Thermal Management Based on Direct Refrigerant Cooling: Simulation, Validation of Results, and Parametric Studies

“…The main purpose is to numerically predict the temperature of the module and its temperature uniformity. Previous studies [2,3,18] recommend that the temperature difference in the module should not be greater than 5 • C and that the appropriate working temperature of the BTMS must be 15-35 • C. These criteria are considered for the cooling performance assessment. The simulation is aimed to employ the numerical techniques to predict the BTMS temperature so that the desired working conditions are satisfactory based on the working criteria.…”

“…The main purpose is to numerically predict the temperature of the module and its temperature uniformity. Previous studies [2,3,18] recommend that the temperature difference in the module should not be greater than 5 °C and that the appropriate working temperature of the BTMS must be 15-35 °C. These criteria are considered for the cooling performance assessment.…”

“…The accumulated heat not only affects the battery's operational efficiency, it also reduces its lifespan. If the accumulated heat within the module battery is too high, thermal runaway can occur, which leads to explosions and potential fires [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Low-Computational Model to Predict Individual Temperatures of Cells within Battery Modules

“…The author examined the effect of the ambient temperature, depth of discharge (DOD), discharge rate, and the heat convection coefficient on the thermal profile. Liu et al [13] numerically studied the thermal behavior of a cylindrical 21700 NMC lithium-ion battery at various discharge rates. The pseudo two dimensional P2D [14] approach, which takes into account the processes occurring inside the battery due to the transfer and insertion of lithium ions, was adopted to estimate the heat source.…”