Investigation of the Performance of Scintillator-Based CMOS Flat Panel Detectors for X-Ray and Thermal Neutron Imaging

Kyung, Bo; Kim, Jong Yul; Kim, Tae Joo; Kim, Yikyung; Sim, Cheul Muu; Lee, Seung Wook; Cho, Gyuseong

doi:10.1109/tns.2009.2039229

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Detail manufacturing process and condition are described in ref. 5. The fabricated scintillating screens were directly coupled on a commercially available CMOS photodiode pixel arrays which detect emitted visible lights from scintillation screens.…”

Section: Jinst 6 C01064 2 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use and imaging performance of CMOS flat panel imager with LiF/ZnS(Ag) and Gadox scintillation screens for neutron radiography

kim

Kim

et al. 2011

J. Inst.

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In digital neutron radiography system, a thermal neutron imaging detector based on neutron-sensitive scintillating screens with CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor) flat panel imager is introduced for non-destructive testing (NDT) application. Recently, large area CMOS APS (active-pixel sensor) in conjunction with scintillation films has been widely used in many digital X-ray imaging applications. Instead of typical imaging detectors such as image plates, cooled-CCD cameras and amorphous silicon flat panel detectors in combination with scintillation screens, we tried to apply a scintillator-based CMOS APS to neutron imaging detection systems for high resolution neutron radiography. In this work, two major Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb and 6 LiF/ZnS:Ag scintillation screens with various thickness were fabricated by a screen printing method. These neutron converter screens consist of a dispersion of Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb and 6 LiF/ZnS:Ag scintillating particles in acrylic binder. These scintillating screens coupled-CMOS flat panel imager with 25x50mm 2 active area and 48µm pixel pitch was used for neutron radiography. Thermal neutron flux with 6x10 6 n/cm 2 /s was utilized at the NRF facility of HANARO in KAERI. The neutron imaging characterization of the used detector was investigated in terms of relative light output, linearity and spatial resolution in detail. The experimental results of scintillating screen-based CMOS flat panel detectors demonstrate possibility of high sensitive and high spatial resolution imaging in neutron radiography system.

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Section: Jinst 6 C01064 2 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imaging performance of fabricated scintillating screen-coupled CMOS optical sensors was implemented in front entrance of the thermal neutron flux exposure. The electronic readout part of CMOS flat panel detector was covered by the boron material sheets for protection from direct neutron flux damage [5][6][7].…”

Section: Jinst 6 C01064 2 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and imaging performance of CMOS flat panel imager with LiF/ZnS(Ag) and Gadox scintillation screens for neutron radiography

kim

Kim

et al. 2011

J. Inst.

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“…Two types of X-ray detector are generally used to realize these practical applications; one is direct conversion of X-ray photons into electrical signals utilizing semiconductor materials (i.e., amorphous selenium) [50,51]. The other one is indirect conversion into lowenergy photons (i.e., ultraviolet and/or visible light) via scintillators, which are then detected by low cost arrayed photodetectors (i.e., amorphous Si photodiodes [52], photomultiplier tubes [53], silicon avalanche photodiode [54], charge-coupled devices [55], or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor [56]). Owing to rapid development of plentiful high-performance scintillators, cheap commercialized sensing arrays and flexible combinations, the indirect conversion route is becoming more popular for the detection of X-rays.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Scintillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next generation lanthanide doped nanoscintillators and photon converters

Lei

Wang

Kuzmin

et al. 2022

eLight

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Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging. However, commercial bulk scintillators not only require complex fabrication procedures, but also exhibit non-tunable XEOL wavelength and poor device processability. Moreover, thick crystals usually generate light scattering followed by evident signal crosstalk in a photodiode array. Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoscintillators (NSs) prepared with low-temperature wet-chemical method possess several advantages, such as low toxicity, cheap fabrication cost, convenient device processability and adjustable emission wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible and extending to second near infrared window. In addition, they exhibit X-ray excited long persistent luminescence (XEPL) making them suitable for broadening the scope of their applications. This review discusses and summarizes the XEOL and XEPL characteristics of lanthanide doped fluoride NSs. We discuss design strategies and nanostructures that allow manipulation of excitation dynamics in a core–shell geometry to simultaneously produce XEOL, XEPL, as well as photon upconversion and downshifting, enabling emission at multiple wavelengths with a varying time scale profile. The review ends with a discussion of the existing challenges for advancing this field, and presents our subjective insight into areas of further multidisciplinary opportunities.

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“…Fiber optic taper (FOT) coupled digital x-ray detector can efficiently reduce the loss of light and achieve high resolution x-ray image. But due to the restriction of FOT large end's size, single fiber optic taper coupled digital x-ray detector can't realize large-area x-ray imaging, which is demanded in medical imaging, macromolecular crystallography, x-ray phase imaging and non-destructive testing [1][2][3][4][5]. FOT array coupled digital x-ray detector formed by FOT array coupled with multiple CCD/CMOS sensors, enlarges the imaging area in multiples, which is an efficient way for large area high resolution digital x-ray imaging [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a Data Acquisition System for 2×2 Fiber Optic Taper Array Coupled Digital X-ray Detector

Zhao¹,

Huang²,

Guo³

et al. 2014

TOEEJ

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Fiber optic taper (FOP) array coupled digital x-ray detector can be an ideal choice for large area high resolution x-ray imaging, but its data acquisition system is a challenge, for the reasons such as restrictions of hardware design due to the shape of the FOP array, long distance control requirement in x-ray environment, and arrangement of data transmission sequence among multiple CCD/CMOS image sensors. A FPGA and ARM based data acquisition system for 2×2 FOP array coupled x-ray detector was implemented in this paper. We have finished all the procedures involving the data acquisition system, including hardware and PCB design, FPGA design, ARM and PC software development, and so on. The data acquisition process operates in parallel during parameters setting, 4 CMOS image sensors (LUPA-4000) timing driving, and DDR2 SDRAM data buffering, while it works in series when sending data from each FPGA to ARM and from ARM to PC. Experimental results showed that the data acquisition system worked steadily, and whole images of a custom-built calibration plate were achieved by butting images of the four individual CMOS image sensors’ in visible light test environment. This work could be a valuable foundation for realization of all kinds of FOP array coupled digital x-ray detectors.

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Investigation of the Performance of Scintillator-Based CMOS Flat Panel Detectors for X-Ray and Thermal Neutron Imaging

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Use and imaging performance of CMOS flat panel imager with LiF/ZnS(Ag) and Gadox scintillation screens for neutron radiography

Use and imaging performance of CMOS flat panel imager with LiF/ZnS(Ag) and Gadox scintillation screens for neutron radiography

Next generation lanthanide doped nanoscintillators and photon converters

Implementation of a Data Acquisition System for 2×2 Fiber Optic Taper Array Coupled Digital X-ray Detector

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