“…Finally, the characteristic peaks at 620 cm −1 and 570 cm −1 are connected to the stretching vibrations of the metal-oxygen(M–O) bond, which supports the spinel structure of Co 3 O 4 NPs [ 26 ]. Moreover, the FTIR spectra investigation are well matching with others findings [ 63 , 70 ]. According to FTIR result the peak intensity raised with increasing iron doping levels, which also improved the crystallinity of the NPs.…”