Investigation on the Absorption Bands Around 3.3 μm in CRISM Data

Abstract

Recently, the methane seepage detected by Mars Sample Laboratory (MSL) in the Gale crater area during 2013 was confirmed by methane detection by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS). While analyzing NIR-IR CRISM data on a site in Oxia Planum area, in the view of a future comparison with data that will be collected by the Rosalind Franklin rover onboard the ExoMars2022 mission, a 3.3 μm absorption was noted in some pixel spectra. Since methane, like other hydrocarbons, shows absorptions in the range 3.1-3.6 μm, we begun to study this band in CRISM data to explore the possibility to look for seepages on Mars surface. The datasets chosen for this study, aside the site in Oxia Planum area, include some sites of observations on Gale Crater and other sites in Nili Fossae area. We used the Planetary Spectrum Generator to simulate CRISM spectra of the different sites, with the diverse concentrations of CH4 spikes. These simulations served to establish the relation between concentration and methane band depths, as seen by CRISM spectrometer. Then, mapping the Modified Gaussian Model fit on CRISM data, we extracted the band parameters of the absorptions in the 3.3 μm spectral region. Aside rare, suspected absorptions, an artifact was highlighted. Therefore, we have set a threshold on the depth to consider as depth of potential true absorptions, on the basis of the standard deviation (s) of absorption depth map. Finally, we concluded to favor as potential absorptions: distribution of clusters of pixels in the band mapping not vertically stacked and a threshold value >μ (average)+5σ (standard deviation) of the depth map. These threshold values set the lower limit for each observation on the methane concentration potentially detectable by CRISM. The threshold value varies from one observation to another, in a range between 0.0136-0.0237, that would correspond in a range of lower limit concentrations of 180 and 600 ppbv. We found interesting cluster of pixels which spectra overcome the imposed threshold. We still consider that part of them could still be a kind of unknown artifact. Nevertheless, the aim of this paper is to show that CRISM data can show potential absorptions of methane in such quantities that in some observations are compatible with the order of the methane spikes effectively detected in literature. Even if this work does not confirm nor deny the occurrences of methane seepages in the investigated images it shows a possible method for assessing a confidence limit in the detection of this band in CRISM data.