Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan-modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement

Abstract

Introduction: Coronal leakage and reinfection after root canal therapy is an important reason for endodontic failure. Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) -based materials are often used as a coronal seal to prevent secondary infection. The antibacterial effect of ZOE cement is mainly due to leaching of eugenol from the material, but the effect is reported to decrease over time. Chitosan (CH) is a natural polymer with antibacterial properties. The aim of the study was to investigate if incorporation of (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) in a ZOE-based material improved both the immediate and sustained antibacterial properties of the material. Methods: Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to investigate the antibacterial effect of the materials in a modified direct contact test (MDCT) immediately after setting and after storage for 18 weeks in water. Leaching per week of eugenol from the materials was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of eugenol on growth of bacteria was measured by reading of optical density at 600 nm after 18 h growth. Mechanical properties were investigated in a compressive strength test according to ISO 3107. Results: The present study showed that a ZOE-based material has antibacterial activity both as freshly prepared and after immersion in water for 18 weeks. Incorporating CH or COS may increase the antibacterial effect depending on the bacterial species investigated. The amount of leached eugenol did not differ between materials or during or after storage. S. mutans showed the highest susceptibility to eugenol of the three species investigated. Modification of the materials with CH or COS reduced the compressive strength, but the requirements in ISO 3017 were still met.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of chitosan-zinc oxide eugenol mix in pulp capping of primary teeth

“…The promising clinical outcome of vital pulpotomy performed with Chitosan-ZO/E mix may be explained on the bases that were found to chitosan that possess antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and has no toxic effect in addition to increasing the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of ZO/E (26) .…”

Antimicrobial and physical properties of experimental endodontic sealers containing vegetable extracts

“…In this regard, E. faecalis , S. mutans and C. albicans was selected to evaluate the capacity of sealers to inhibit species related to endodontic failure. E. faecalis are Gram-positive bacteria known to be associated with secondary endodontic infection, and its persistence is credited with its capacity to colonize the root canal and resist treatment 44 . Another microorganism associated with apical periodontitis is the S. mutans .…”

Efecto Antimicrobiano de Tres Cementos Selladores Endodónticos frente a Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans

“…El cemento sellador a base de hidróxido de calcio (Sealer 26), obtiene su actividad antimicrobiana debido a la separación de los iones hidroxilo y calcio, alterando el gradiente de pH de la membrana citoplásmica microbiana, produciendo efectos como la desnaturalización de las proteínas, (por la elevada concentración de iones hidroxilo sobre las proteínas), biosíntesis de lípidos, daño del ADN y de la membrana citoplasmática microbiana (Pérez et al;Mohammadi et al, 2011). El cemento sellador a base de óxido de zinc y eugenol (Endofill) es un compuesto lipofílico y presenta grupos hidroxilos libres del eugenol que dañan la membrana celular microbiana al alterar su permeabilidad seguida de la fuga del contenido celular; además de la inhibición de la actividad de las enzimas adenosina trifosfatasa (ATPasa) (Torres et al;Dragland et al, 2019).…”