Investigations on alloy-burial environment interaction of archaeological bronze coins

Turo, Francesca Di; Coletti, Fulvio; Vito, Caterina De

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2020.104882

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Significant amounts of Ca (2.03 and 2.88 wt%) were also detected in these areas compared to adjacent areas. This could be explained by the substitution of Pb in the mimetite-pyromorphite structure by Ca (Shevade et al, 2001; Kampf et al, 2006; Pasero et al, 2010; Di Turo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyromorphite is not a common corrosion product on copper alloys in which the presence of this compound was attributed to the anthropogenic activity and to the long-term burial of the artifacts in a soil containing phosphate compound (Ingo et al, 2006 a ; Mezzi et al, 2013). It is assumed that pyromorphite is found as a corrosion product on metal artifacts subjected to aggressive environmental conditions (Di Turo et al, 2020). It has also been pointed out that there are some connections between the proximity of burial sites to the river or locating in the damp environment and the formation of mimetite-pyromorphite series compounds (Fan & Freestone, 2017; Fan, 2019; Fan et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural and Analytical Study of Uncommon Corrosion Features on Archaeological Cu-As Alloys from Tappeh Graziani in Southeastern Iran

et al. 2022

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The morphology and composition of the corrosion products of archaeological arsenical copper alloys buried in a specific environment for a long time were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analyses demonstrated that the alloy composition of the artifacts was copper-arsenic (Cu-AS) with significant amounts of lead in some samples. Cuprite, malachite, and copper (II) hydroxychlorides were observed on a completely mineralized matrix. The surface of the objects was covered by two main corrosion layers formed on the internal cuprous oxide. However, several successive layers of corrosion products were recognized on the artifacts in some cases. Furthermore, phosphatic corrosion products including, mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl], and pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] were identified. Conichalcite [CaCu(AsO4)](OH), which grew in the form of Liesegang rings, was also identified as a corrosion product of one of the objects. As and Pb exhibited some enrichment in the corrosion crusts of the artifacts. Environmental changes in burial conditions, particularly due to seasonal streams and consequent changes in soil corrosivity, vicinity of objects to bone material, along with the migration of alloy elements, especially lead and arsenic, can explain the morphological features of these archaeological objects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Analytical Study of Uncommon Corrosion Features on Archaeological Cu-As Alloys from Tappeh Graziani in Southeastern Iran

et al. 2022

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“…Inberg et al (2018) even suggest that the nature of the corrosion layer can inform on the burial conditions. Di Turo et al (2020) offer a visualisation of the formation of a corrosion layer and interface layer between the bulk coin and this corrosion layer based on measurements of all these layers and knowledge of the burial environment (latrinae).…”

Section: Limitations Of Surface Analysis a Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sasanian copper and billon coins from the collections of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels, Belgium—insights using semi-quantitative analysis by μXRF

Ham-Meert

Rademakers

Gyselen³

et al. 2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This paper presents the micro-XRF analysis of over 100 Sasanian billon and copper coins from the collections of the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels, Belgium. This study discovered that some coins, thought to be copper, were actually billon coins. Furthermore, it illustrated the continuity in use and recipe of small copper coins from the Parthian into the Sasanian period. Previous research into the elemental composition of copper coins from the Sasanian period only spanned the period 224-309 CE, while this paper encompasses the whole period until the fall of the empire in 651 CE. The link with lead coins is also discussed.

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“…One of the main challenges in Cultural Heritage is the inspection of inner and hidden parts of an artefact, that may provide crucial information with minimal sample processing. Invasive techniques are often the only way to explore the original alloys of complex objects from rim to core and the corrosion process when it occurs in depth 1 – 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive strategy for exploring corrosion in iron-based artefacts through advanced Multiscale X-ray Microscopy

Bernabale

Cognigni

Nigro

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The best strategy to tackle complexity when analyzing corrosion in iron artefacts is to combine different analytical methods. Traditional techniques provide effective means to identify the chemistry and mineralogy of corrosion products. Nevertheless, a further step is necessary to upgrade the understanding of the corrosion evolution in three dimensions. In this regard, Multiscale X-ray Microscopy (XRM) enables multi-length scale visualization of the whole object and provides the spatial distribution of corrosion phases. Herein, we propose an integrated workflow to explore corrosion mechanisms in an iron-nail from Motya (Italy) through destructive and non-destructive techniques, which permit the extraction of the maximum information with the minimum sampling. The results reveal the internal structure of the artefact and the structural discontinuities which lead the corrosion, highlighting the compositional differences between the tip and the head of the iron nail.

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Investigations on alloy-burial environment interaction of archaeological bronze coins

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Microstructural and Analytical Study of Uncommon Corrosion Features on Archaeological Cu-As Alloys from Tappeh Graziani in Southeastern Iran

Microstructural and Analytical Study of Uncommon Corrosion Features on Archaeological Cu-As Alloys from Tappeh Graziani in Southeastern Iran

Sasanian copper and billon coins from the collections of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels, Belgium—insights using semi-quantitative analysis by μXRF

A comprehensive strategy for exploring corrosion in iron-based artefacts through advanced Multiscale X-ray Microscopy

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