Investigations on the Emergence of Larvae from Cysts of the Potato-root Eelworm <i>Heterodera rostochiensis</i>. I. Technique and Variability

Fenwick, D. W.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x0003248x

Cited by 47 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In other cases, maximum hatching activity was about 14% less for sterilized soybean root leachate and about 23 % less for sterilized kidney bean root leachate after storage in sealed flasks at 5°C for 6 and 15 months, respectively (Okada 1971). On the other hand, there was no loss of hatching activity in potato root leachates stored at 4OC for up to 3 years (Fenwick 1949). We conclude that the hatching factor present in corn seedling leachates and extracts must occur in very low concentration and thus have potent biological activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…plant root leachates have been demonstrated to stimulate egg hatching in many species of cyst nematodes (Fenwick 1949; Williams and Beane 1972;Beane and Perry 1983;Teft and Bone 1985;Perry 1987;Schmitt and Riggs 199 1 ; The protocol for culture, isolation, and storage of cysts for hatching and Krusberg 1995). experiments is the same as described previously (Hashmi et al ~h~ bioactive substance(s) responsible for stimulating the 1993; Hashmi and Krusberg 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hatching factor(s) in corn seedling leachate for the eggs of Heterodera zeae

Hashmi¹,

Krusberg²,

Jarvis³

1996

Can. J. Zool.

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Evidence is presented for the presence of a hatching factor or factors in corn seedling leachates that enhances egg hatching in Heterodera zeae. This study was undertaken to gain information on selected characteristics of the hatching factor(s). Fresh corn seedling leachates were heat-and storage-stable. The hatching factor partitioned into diethyl ether but not into hexane or chloroform.RCsumC : Nous prCsentons ici des preuves de l'existence d'un facteur ou de facteurs d'eclosion dans les produits de lessivage de graines de mays, produits qui favorisent 1'Cclosion des oeufs de Heterodera zeae. Cette Ctude a Ct C entreprise dans le but de jeter de la lumikre sur des caractkristiques particulikres du ou des facteur(s) d'Cclosion. Lea produits de lessivage des graines de mays sont stables a la chaleur et aprks la mise en stockage. Le facteur d'Cclosion se dissocie en Cther dikthylique, mais ne donne ni hexane, ni chloroforme. [Traduit par la ~Cdaction]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hatching factor(s) in corn seedling leachate for the eggs of Heterodera zeae

Hashmi¹,

Krusberg²,

Jarvis³

1996

Can. J. Zool.

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“…The cysts were then removed from the watch glasses and divided into 10 sterile Petri dishes, each containing 14 ml of PRE collected from 3-week-old potato plants (cv. Désirée) using the method of Fenwick (1949). The Petri dishes containing the cysts and PRE were incubated for 5 days at 15°C and examined on a daily basis with a binocular microscope (×30) to monitor their progress.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications in the potato rhizosphere during infestations of Globodera rostochiensis and subsequent effects on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani

et al. 2010

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Two controlled environment experiments were conducted to explore the hypothesis that invasion and damage caused to potato roots by the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis might result in quantitative or qualitative changes in the release of root exudates to subsequently affect the growth of Rhizoctonia solani (AG3) in the potato rhizosphere. The growth of five R. solani isolates was compared on media amended either with root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested or uninfested potato (cv. Désirée) plants at different time intervals after the introduction of the nematodes. In Experiment 1, the growth of R. solani was higher on medium amended with potato root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested compared to uninfested plants, collected 4, 6, 8 and 12 days after the G. rostochiensis treatments were administered. Similarly, in Experiment 2, R. solani isolates grew faster on medium amended with potato root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested than uninfested plants. This trend was particularly pronounced at the 12-day collection.At this time, 49% of the G. rostochiensis juveniles in roots were found to belong to the juvenile moults J2 and J3, indicating that root exudates were modified during the earlier stages of juvenile invasion. Carbohydrate analysis of root exudates indicated significantly higher levels of sucrose in root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested than uninfested plants, whereas no significant differences were found in total nitrogen content. The results are discussed to help elucidate the mechanism behind the disease complex found between G. rostochiensis and R. solani in previous field research.

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“…Several methods have been developed to distinguish between living and dead potato cyst nematodes, such as 'pricking' individual eggs (Fielding, 1951), the 'kinked juveniles' method (Stanisland & Stone, 1953), colouring with various dyes (e.g., Boyd, 1941;Kämpfe, 1956;Fenner, 1962;Shepherd, 1962), bioassays (Hijink, 1971), hatching tests (Fenwick, 1949(Fenwick, , 1950a and measuring the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of nematodes (Atkinson & Ballantyne, 1977a, b). Most of these methods have severe disadvantages, especially when used to evaluate nematicide trials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ways to improve the accuracy of hatching tests for Globodera spp. with special emphasis on nematicide trials

Been¹,

Schomaker²

2001

Nematol

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Hatching tests are laborious and yield variable results. In this paper, sources of variability have been identi ed and analysed, and solutions are presented. A method was developed to conduct hatching tests using inert materials to minimise the total variation at the end of the test. Hatching tests were carried out to increase reliability, optimise the method and limit the amount of work. Thus, it was possible to obtain a coef cient of variation (cv) of the hatching process, which was in accordance with the combined errors expected when a certain number of cysts are treated and eggs are used. An Appendix is provided listing the different errors and ways to calculate and cope with them. The results indicate that the hatching process is no longer an important source of variation for the end result. All variation greater than expected could be explained by variation between batches with the same treatment, indicating that small differences in nematicide application cause major differences in the end result. The treatment effect was more important in eld experiments than in laboratory experiments. The hatching curve could be described adequately by a log-logistic curve with three parameters (¸, nal number of hatched juveniles; ®, time; t when cumulative hatch equals 0:5 £¸;¯, slope parameter). Addition of a fourth parameter (°, incubation time) improved the t signi cantly. Using the log-logistic model, nal hatch could be predicted with a certain error, but in general nal hatch was underestimated. When an error of 5% was accepted, the duration of hatching tests using laboratory reared cysts could be reduced by 80% for untreated batches and by 40 to 80% for batches treated with nematicides. The acceptable reduction in hatching test duration was negatively correlated with the concentration of the fumigant used. Hatching tests with cysts originating from eld experiments are unsuitable for prediction using a time-limited data set. Compound hatching curves were distinguished in four of six elds, indicating that the soil samples contained at least two proportions of cysts with different hatching responses. Prediction would cause a signi cant underestimation of nal hatch and consequently an overestimation of mortality.

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Investigations on the Emergence of Larvae from Cysts of the Potato-root Eelworm Heterodera rostochiensis. I. Technique and Variability

Cited by 47 publications

References 2 publications

Hatching factor(s) in corn seedling leachate for the eggs of Heterodera zeae

Hatching factor(s) in corn seedling leachate for the eggs of Heterodera zeae

Modifications in the potato rhizosphere during infestations of Globodera rostochiensis and subsequent effects on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani

Ways to improve the accuracy of hatching tests for Globodera spp. with special emphasis on nematicide trials

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