Investissement, progrès technique et croissance économique

Abstract

This paper combines a critical review of the current state of the theory of economic growth with some suggestions for new directions in growth theory. The development of the neoclassical theory of growth and distribution is surveyed, with emphasis on the distribution theory of J.B. Clark, the regression analysis of C.W. Cobb and P.H. Douglas, the growth accounting of R.M. Solow and E.F. Denison, and the reswitching controversy, involving critical contributions by Joan Robinson, Piero Sraffa, and Luigi Pasinetti. Neoclassical growth models, including vintage models, are based on the theoretical separation of investment and technical change, which leads to the curious conclusion that investment is not a central part of the growth process. Post-Keynesian growth models, such as those of Nicholas Kaldor and John Cornwall, deny that such a separation is theoretically or empirically meaningful, and instead put investment at the heart of the growth process. The paper constructs a growth model along post-Keynesian lines, in which the growth rate, the distribution of income, and the normal unemployment rate are endogenous functions of the propensity to invest.

Salaire minimum, emploi et productivité dans une perspective post-keynésienne

“…Cet effet kaleckien sur la productivité est certainement significatif, mais comme le démontre Lavoie (1986) lorsqu'il l'incorpore directement dans sa courbe de demande de travail, son effet négatif sur l'emploi (puisque Ba / dW > 0) ne peut jamais surpasser son effet positif 3L / dW (dû à une hausse de la demande globale). taux de croissance de la productivité (voir Cornwall ( 1977) et Davenport ( 1982) ' \ Dans la mesure où ce rapport entre investissement et productivité est important, nous pouvons l'incorporer directement dans l'équation 7a, ce qui nous donne:…”